“…Studies have shown that nanostructures including 0D nanoparticles (Xu Y. et al, 2017 ), 1D nanowires/nanotubes (Ge et al, 2012 ; Kennedy et al, 2017 ), 2D nanofilms, and 3D porous structures (Yang et al, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Mu et al, 2019 ; Fang et al, 2020b ) can significantly reduce the volume effect and shorten the diffusion distance of lithium-ion. Combining Si with other matrices is also an efficient alternative way to alleviate the volume expansion stress (Cheng et al, 2018 ; Jo et al, 2019 ; Tao et al, 2019 ). Mu et al used self-assembly and magnesiothermic reduction to prepare a pomegranate-like core-shell structured Si@C composite (Mu et al, 2019 ).…”