2020
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051663
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Strategies for Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Calcium

Abstract: Calcium ions are vital for maintaining the physiological and biochemical processes inside cells. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly dependent on calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD), as well as with multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, the modulation of calcium influx into the cells and the targeting of calcium-mediated signaling pathways may pres… Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(24 citation statements)
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References 239 publications
(206 reference statements)
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“…As protein deimination is a result of PAD activation, increased levels of PAD proteins per se would not necessarily be expected at this stage, while an increased production of deiminated protein products would be the result of PAD activation, leading to increased production of deiminated protein products. As dysregulation of calcium homeostasis is a known contributor to a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including in PD [115,116], and PADs are calcium activated enzymes, an increase in protein deimination would be one of such downstream factors. In previous studies on post-mortem PD brain samples, increased levels of total protein deimination and deimination-positive extracellular plaques have indeed been reported [10].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As protein deimination is a result of PAD activation, increased levels of PAD proteins per se would not necessarily be expected at this stage, while an increased production of deiminated protein products would be the result of PAD activation, leading to increased production of deiminated protein products. As dysregulation of calcium homeostasis is a known contributor to a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including in PD [115,116], and PADs are calcium activated enzymes, an increase in protein deimination would be one of such downstream factors. In previous studies on post-mortem PD brain samples, increased levels of total protein deimination and deimination-positive extracellular plaques have indeed been reported [10].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, it appears that Cav blockers might represent promising targets for demyelinating diseases as they concur to pathological intracellular Ca 2+ overload in neurons and immune cells. Nevertheless, there are no trials for clinical translation of Ca 2+ channel blockers so far [ 151 ]. For a summary on the effects of Cav-targeting compounds in demyelination see Table 1 .…”
Section: Voltage-gated Channels In Oligodendroglial Cells and Myelinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another noteworthy observation is that the identified pathomechanisms of ALS are not restricted to this syndrome [8]. Indeed, mechanisms including, but not restricted to, excitotoxicity [9,10], oxidative stress [11][12][13], mitochondrial dysfunction [14,15], immune/inflammatory reactions [16][17][18] and perturbed neuronal calcium homeostasis [19][20][21][22][23] are shown to contribute to the pathobiology of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and other diseases as well.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%