Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis Infections

Bouchemal, Kawthar; Bories, Christian; Loiseau, Philippe M.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00109-16

Cited by 99 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Phylogenetic and biochemical analyses of hydrogenosomes indicate a common origin with mitochondria; however, the identification of hydrogenosomal proteins and studies on its metabolism and chemical composition has been limited. [7] However, the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies in the sera of the patients may reflect the presence of cardiolipin in the membrane of hydrogenosome as it's, phylogenetically, belong to the same origin with the mitochondria. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the sera of the women with trichomoniasis, even low levels, must not be neglected as it can be resulted in undesired, serious consequence in pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general infection areas include urethra, external genitalia, prostate, and epididymis. [7] It is also a known leading cause of prostatitis and urethritis. [8] Furthermore, serious complications may be associated with trichomoniasis such as premature rupture of the placental membranes, premature labor, and low birth weight in pregnant women infection, infertility, cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, birth outcomes, and increase in human predisposition to immunodeficiency virus (HIV), its transmission, and acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunological Aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Women Attending Maternity Teaching Hospital and Some Public Health Centers in Erbil Governorate, Northern Iraq

Nouraddin¹,

Alsakee

2019

Cihan U Erbil SCI J

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Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the sexually transmitted diseases. It is a health problem all over the world, including Iraq. It has also been associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy and increased risk of HIV. Trichomoniasis typically elicits aggressive local cellular immune responses with inflammation of the vaginal epithelium and exocervix in women and urethra in men. The present study was aimed to assess serum level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein, antiphospholipid, anticardiolipin antibodies with eosinophil count as well. Four hundred and forty women with ages ranging between 16 and 60 years old (average of 34.2 years) who attended Maternity Teaching Hospital and a number of public health centers in Erbil Governorate were screened for trichomoniasis by direct wet mount preparation and culture technique. Serum IFN-γ, IL-10, antiphospholipid, and anticardiolipin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. C-reactive protein (CRP) and eosinophil count were assessed by I CROMA and Coulter, respectively. The results revealed that IL-10 level (96.46 ± 1.97 pg/ml vs. 91.86 ± 1.48 pg/ml), eosinophil count (0.1 ± 0.07 × 10³/μL vs. 0.1 ± 0.01 × 10³/μL), and CRP concentration (2.55 ± 0.74 mg/l vs. 2.27 ± 0.37 mg/l) were non-significantly (P > 0.05) changed in infected women in comparison with negative control group. However, serum IFN-γ level (484.83 ± 38.35 pg/ml vs. 372.15 ± 9.49 pg/ml) was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in infected women in comparison to the control group. The results also revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) of antiphospholipid immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (4.75 ± 0.3 U/ml vs. 3.79 ± 0.11 U/ml) in the sera of infected women, but antiphospholipid immunoglobulin M (IgM), anticardiolipin IgG, and anticardiolipin IgM antibodies were non-significantly altered in response to T. vaginalis infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Women Attending Maternity Teaching Hospital and Some Public Health Centers in Erbil Governorate, Northern Iraq

Nouraddin¹,

Alsakee

2019

Cihan U Erbil SCI J

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“…The vaginal tissue poses unique challenges for topical formulations, since abundant moisture, mucins, and motility promote ready clearance of luminally applied formulations. [37] Gels made from carbomer, [44] cellulose, [18] hyaluronic acid, [19] or alginate [20] have been developed as drug carriers, but the hydrophilic nature of these polymers limits drug loading yields for many hydrophobic pharmaceutical compounds such as AF, which has a logP value of 1.6 and aqueous solubility of only 0.015% w/w. [45] In contrast, drug loading into PLGA-based NPs allowed for a 13-fold higher loading yield of 0.2% w/w in the final AF-NP gel, thus permitting a much higher local drug dose in a smaller volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Thermoresponsive Hydrogel with Auranofin‐Loaded Nanoparticles for Topical Treatment of Vaginal Trichomonad Infection

Zhang

Miyamoto

Ihara

et al. 2019

Advanced Therapeutics

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Trichomonas vaginalis is responsible for the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Standard treatment is with oral metronidazole or tinidazole, but resistance is emerging and adverse effects can be problematic. Topical treatment offers potential benefits for increasing local drug concentrations while reducing systemic exposure, but none are currently approved for trichomoniasis. The anti-rheumatic drug, auranofin (AF), was recently discovered to have significant trichomonacidal activity, but has a long plasma half-life and significant adverse effects. Here, this drug is used as a model to develop a novel topical formulation composed of AF-loaded nanoparticles (NP) embedded in a thermoresponsive hydrogel for intravaginal administration.

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“…Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), which causes non-viral sexually transmitted disease, is a protozoan that parasitizes the urogenital tract of humans, leading to trichomoniasis. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 248 million people were infected with TV in 2005, and by 2008, this number had increased by 11.2% to 276.4 million [ 1 ]. The pathogen infects not only women but also men, and the infection is frequently asymptomatic in both women and men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in a targeted population in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTrichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease, worldwide. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic characterization of T. vaginalis and contrasted the most prevalent strains of T. vaginalis isolated from Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China.ResultsIn Xinxiang from September 2015 to September 2017, a total of 267 (1.64%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.45–1.85) clinical T. vaginalis-positive samples from vaginal secretions were observed by wet mount microscopy from 16,294 women with some clinical symptoms of trichomoniasis. We found that trichomoniasis frequently occurred in the 21- to 40-year-old age group and in winter. After the 267 clinical T. vaginalis positive samples were cultured, 68 isolates of T. vaginalis were harvested and identified as genotype E (58.82%), H (17.65%), mixed 1 (17.65%) and mixed 2 (5.88%) using a sensitive and reliable polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) typing method on the actin gene. The phylogenetic diversity analysis showed that the genotype E samples fell within a separate clade compared to the other T. vaginalis isolates, while the samples of the genotype H separated into two clades.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a notable gene polymorphism of clinical isolates from the targeted population and provide insight into the performance of these genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of trichomoniasis. However, further studies are needed to clarify the association between a certain genotype and the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis.

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Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis Infections

Cited by 99 publications

References 127 publications

Immunological Aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Women Attending Maternity Teaching Hospital and Some Public Health Centers in Erbil Governorate, Northern Iraq

Immunological Aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Women Attending Maternity Teaching Hospital and Some Public Health Centers in Erbil Governorate, Northern Iraq

Composite Thermoresponsive Hydrogel with Auranofin‐Loaded Nanoparticles for Topical Treatment of Vaginal Trichomonad Infection

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in a targeted population in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China

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