Strategies for the identification of loci responsible for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, debilitating disease, which manifests itself by de-myelination of the central nervous system (CNS). MS is predominantly found in Caucasians of European decent and is more prominent in females than males. MS is one of the most prevalent causes of disability of young adults in the world. The exact cause of MS is not known, however genetic susceptibility to MS is linked to the major histocompability complex (MHC). Self reactive CD4+ T cells, specific for CNS antigens, such as myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and proteolipid protein (PLP), are detectable in MS patients along with pathogenic autoantibodies specific to these CNS antigens produced by B cells. These observations suggest that MS is an autoimmune disease. Epidemiology of MS along with the analysis of sibling pairs and twins suggest that the multiple genetic factors and their interaction with environment contribute to disease susceptibility. Recent developments and advancements in genetic analysis may aid in accurate determination of genetic risk factors for the development of MS. We review these developments, advances in technology and discuss recent results in this article.

Effects of Chronic Stress on Prefrontal Cortex Transcriptome in Mice Displaying Different Genetic Backgrounds

“…2005; Martins-de-Souza et al 2010). In the other hand, MOG is detectable in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and is suspected to be involved in pathogenesis of MS (Stern and Keskin 2008). Upregulation of genes that encode structural components of myelin such as Gpma6 , Mal , and Mog in PFC of LA mice could be an adaptive mechanism of stress response dependent on stress procedure duration or individual vulnerability.…”

Demyelination of the Optic Nerve: An Underlying Factor in Glaucoma?

“…Interactions between T cells and glial cells could promote oligodendrocyte injury and myelin damage ( Kunkl et al, 2020 ; Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz and Strużyńska, 2021 ). Autoantibody production and complement system also play a role in demyelination ( Stern and Keskin, 2008 ).…”