Strategies for the use of anthelmintics in livestock and their implications for the development of drug resistance

Michel, J. F.

doi:10.1017/s0031182000052276

Cited by 63 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Control programs that leave relatively low or no parasites in refugia, i.e. spring treatments against a parasite species that overwinters poorly or dose and move to clean pasture, select strongly for resistance (Michel, 1985). It has been known for some time that a higher proportion of larvae in refugia can slow the development of resistance (Martin et al, 1981).…”

Section: How Can the Concept Of Refugia Be Used To Reduce The Developmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of targeted selective treatments in the development of refugia-based approaches to the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants

Kenyon

Greer

Coles

et al. 2009

Veterinary Parasitology

236

138

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Section: How Can the Concept Of Refugia Be Used To Reduce The Developmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of targeted selective treatments in the development of refugia-based approaches to the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants

Kenyon

Greer

Coles

et al. 2009

Veterinary Parasitology

236

138

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“…Through ecology or management practices, contamination after treatment may contribute substantially to future generations of worms. For years, farmers were recommended [74] to treat hosts and move them to pastures free of infective larvae (i.e. not grazed for at least one year or on sown pastures) in order to reduce the re-infection of the hosts.…”

Section: Size Of the Population In Refugia At The Time Of The Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sheep and goat nematode resistance to anthelmintics: pro and cons among breeding management factors

et al. 2002

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-Although the molecular bases of resistance to anthelmintic families have been intensively studied, the contributing factors for the development of anthelmintic resistance are less well known. Clear recommendations must be given to farmers in order to delay the onset of anthelmintic resistance. Until now, the main advice has concerned the reduction of treatment frequency in order to slow down the spread of resistance. Anthelmintic resistance development depends mostly on an efficient selection pressure. This means that a high treatment frequency is neither necessary nor sufficient to select for resistance. The contribution of resistant worms, which have survived an anthelmintic treatment, to the subsequent generation is the key factor that controls resistance spread. This point is illustrated by five surveys conducted on sheep and goat farms from France and Morocco. In the 52 farms studied, less than three anthelmintic treatments were given each year. Three characteristics of breeding management can be identified in the build up of anthelmintic resistance: (1) the introduction of resistant worms through the purchase of sheep/goats or the use of common pastures, grazed by several herds/flocks, (2) under-dosing of hosts and the repeated use of one class of drugs, (3) the size of the population in refugia (infective larvae on pastures) at the time of the treatment. The role played by these breeding management factors in selecting for resistance is discussed. The most efficient way to limit the increase of anthelmintic resistance remains the reduction of the selection pressure by drugs, and optimal timing to maximise their efficacy. Bien que les bases moléculaires de la résistance aux différentes familles d'anthelminthiques aient été très étudiées, les facteurs permettant le développement de la résistance anthelminthique sont moins bien connus. Des recommandations claires sont nécessaires aux éleveurs si l'on souhaite retarder l'apparition de la résistance aux anthelminthiques. La principale recommandation a consisté à réduire la fréquence des traitements de façon à ralentir le développement de la résis-tance. Le développement de la résistance anthelminthique dépend essentiellement d'une pression de sélection efficace. Cela signifie qu'une forte fréquence de traitements n'est ni nécessaire ni suffisante pour sélectionner la résistance. La contribution des vers résistants, qui ont survécu au traitement anthelminthique, à la génération suivante est le facteur clé qui contrôle le développement de la résis-tance. Ce point est illustré par cinq enquêtes réalisées dans des élevages ovins et caprins de France et du Maroc. Dans les 52 élevages étudiés, moins de trois traitements anthelminthiques par an étaient réalisés. Trois conditions d'élevage ont pu être mises en évidence comme étant impliquées dans le dé-veloppement de la résistance anthelminthique :

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“…This practice readily selects for resistant populations as the parasites that survive the treatment become the major source of subsequent contamination on these pastures (LeJambre, 1978;Cawthorne and Whitehead, 1983;Michel, 1985;Hunt, 1988, 1989). This concern is obviously more acute if resistance to one of the constituent actives in the combination product is already present and unsuitable treatment regimes are implemented.…”

Section: Best-practice Management Of Combination Anthelminticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) Guideline: Anthelmintic combination products targeting nematode infections of ruminants and horses

Geary

Hosking

Skuce

et al. 2012

Veterinary Parasitology

100

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a b s t r a c tIncreasing threats from anthelmintic resistant nematode populations warrant and motivate a reappraisal of chemotherapeutic strategies for nematode control in ruminant livestock and horses. The objective of this paper is to present a guideline for the evaluation of products containing two or more constituent anthelmintic actives in a single dosage form for the treatment of nematode infections in these animals. At present, regulatory policies on the approval of such products vary across jurisdictions, and this World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guideline should enable the harmonization of the requirements. This guideline makes clear recommendations on the minimal standards needed, but stresses that registration dossiers for combination anthelmintic products submitted for approval must conform to the standards and practices already established in existing guidelines for anthelmintics.

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Strategies for the use of anthelmintics in livestock and their implications for the development of drug resistance

Cited by 63 publications

References 3 publications

The role of targeted selective treatments in the development of refugia-based approaches to the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants

The role of targeted selective treatments in the development of refugia-based approaches to the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants

Sheep and goat nematode resistance to anthelmintics: pro and cons among breeding management factors

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) Guideline: Anthelmintic combination products targeting nematode infections of ruminants and horses

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