2020
DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110332
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Strategies in Forward Osmosis Membrane Substrate Fabrication and Modification: A Review

Abstract: Forward osmosis (FO) has been recognized as the preferred alternative membrane-based separation technology for conventional water treatment technologies due to its high energy efficiency and promising separation performances. FO has been widely explored in the fields of wastewater treatment, desalination, food industry and bio-products, and energy generation. The substrate of the typically used FO thin film composite membranes serves as a support for selective layer formation and can significantly affect the s… Show more

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Cited by 49 publications
(26 citation statements)
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References 199 publications
(310 reference statements)
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“…There are three FO membranes that are most commonly used: TFC-FO, asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA), and modified thin-film composite (TFC-RO) membranes [27,[50][51][52]. TFC-FO membranes are currently at the forefront of FO membrane research.…”
Section: • Surface Blending and Graftingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are three FO membranes that are most commonly used: TFC-FO, asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA), and modified thin-film composite (TFC-RO) membranes [27,[50][51][52]. TFC-FO membranes are currently at the forefront of FO membrane research.…”
Section: • Surface Blending and Graftingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Water desalination by means of FO processes consists of the osmotic dilution of the draw solution (DS) and freshwater production from the diluted DS [98][99][100]. FO uses an osmotic pressure differential across the membrane, rather than a hydraulic pressure differential (as in RO), as the driving force for water transport through the membrane.…”
Section: Forward Osmosis (Fo)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, as an emerging novel desalination technology, FO has undergone significant development during the past decades, due to its high energy efficiency and favorable separation performances [68]. Interested readers are referred to the excellent review literature on FO [69][70][71].…”
Section: Novel Technologiesmentioning
confidence: 99%