Strategies in sentence—picture verification: The effect of an unexpected picture

Kroll, Judith F.; Corrigan, A. B.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(81)90147-x

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Some of the early work in which the effects of different formats in the visual modality were compared concentrated on picture-word differences (Goolkasian & Park, 1980;Kroll & Corrigan, 1981;Pellegrino, Rosinski, Chiesi, & Siegel, 1977;Smith & Magee, 1980) and showed better memory for pictures than for words. Paivio's (1971Paivio's ( , 1975Paivio's ( , 1978 dual-coding theory influenced this work and much of our later thinking with respect to picture-word differences.…”

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Presentation format effects in working memory: The role of attention

Foos

Goolkasian

2005

Memory & Cognition

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Four experiments are reported in which participants attempted to remember three or six concrete nouns, presented as pictures, spoken words, or printed words, while also verifying the accuracy of sentences. Hypotheses meant to explain the higher recall of pictures and spoken words over printed words were tested. Increasing the difficulty and changing the type of processing task from arithmetic to a visual/ spatial reasoning task did not influence recall. An examination of long-term modality effects showed that those effects were not sufficient to explain the superior performance with spoken words and pictures. Only when we manipulated the allocation of attention to the items in the storage task by requiring the participants to articulate the items and by presenting the stimulus items under a degraded condition were we able to reduce or remove the effect of presentation format. The findings suggest that the better recall of pictures and spoken words over printed words result from the fact that under normal presentation conditions, printed words receive less processing attention than pictures and spoken words do.

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Presentation format effects in working memory: The role of attention

Foos

Goolkasian

2005

Memory & Cognition

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“…However, the early work concentrated on either pictureword differences (Goolkasian & Park, 1980;Kroll & Corrigan, 1981;Pellegrino, Rosinski, Chiesi, & Siegel, 1977;Smith & Magee, 1980) or auditory-visual differences. More recently, this work has been broadened in order to consider the effects of multimedia presentation techniques (Mayer, 2001) that included video and sound, together with illustrations and textual material.…”

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Presentation format and its effect on working memory

Goolkasian

Foos

2002

Memory & Cognition

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In three experiments, we examined the separate cognitive demands of processing and storage in working memory and looked at how effective the coordination was when items for storage varied in format/ modality. A sentence verification task involving arithmetic facts was combined with a span task involving two to six items presented in picture, printed word, or spoken word format. The first two experiments were the same, except for the added requirement of articulation of the math sentence in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 varied the length of the span item and compared recall with recognition performance. The results showed that both spoken words and pictures produced superior recall and recognition, as compared with printed words, and are consistent with Baddeley and Logie's (1999) and Mayer's (2001)models of working memory. Also, the differences in processing performance across spans varied with the difficulty of the task but showed the strongest support for the resource allocation model (Foos, 1995).

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“…contrary antonyms (e.g., green), it is unclear what the negative situation looks like because there are many options for the second alternative: blue, red etc. The linguistic or situational context may restrict the number of such alternatives and thus provide 'more suitable' content for a simulation of the negative situation, and it has been shown that this has an impact on negation processing (e.g., Wason, 1961;Kroll and Corrigan, 1981, also see Mayo et al, 2004). We are illustrating the relevance of the number of alternatives here with findings from Orenes et al (2014), who conducted a multi-picture visual-world paradigm with four different colors where a context sentence announced either two alternative colors (e.g., green, blue), or more than two alternative colors (e.g., green, blue, yellow, pink) to be present in the picture.…”

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The Role of Alternatives in Language

Repp

Spalek

2021

Front. Commun.

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In this review we provide a discussion of the concept of alternatives and its role in linguistic and psycholinguistic theorizing in the context of the contributions that have appeared in the Frontiers Research Topic The Role of Alternatives in Language. We are discussing the linguistic phenomena for which alternatives have been argued to play a paramount role: negation, counterfactual sentences, scalar implicatures and exhaustivity, focus, contrastive topics, and sentences with bare plurals and with definite plurals. We review in how far alternatives are relevant for these phenomena and how this relevance has been captured by theoretical linguistic accounts. Regarding processing, we discuss the mental activation of alternatives: its mandatory vs. optional nature, its time course. We also address the methodological issue of how experimental studies operationalize alternatives. Finally, we explore the phenomenon of individual variation, which increasingly attracts attention in linguistics. In sum, this review gives an inclusive and broad discussion of alternatives by bringing together different research strands whose findings and theoretical proposals can advance our knowledge of alternatives in inspiring cross-fertilization.

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Strategies in sentence—picture verification: The effect of an unexpected picture

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Presentation format effects in working memory: The role of attention

Presentation format effects in working memory: The role of attention

Presentation format and its effect on working memory

The Role of Alternatives in Language

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