Strategies, Model Checking and Branching-Time Properties in Maude

Simulating and model checking membrane systems using strategies in Maude

“…Looking at a strategy as a subset E ⊆ S * ∪ S ω of allowed executions of a model K, the satisfaction of a linear-time property (K, E) ⊨ φ can be understood as its satisfaction K, π ⊨ φ for all allowed executions π ∈ E. The question of which are the executions described by a Maude strategy language expression is given answer by a small-step operational semantics, which is respected by the model-checker implementations. This can be easily extrapolated to branching-time properties [31], whose allowed executions can be seen as a restricted execution tree. CTL, CTL*, and µ-calculus properties can be checked using external model checkers through an extensible interface umaudemc that unifies the interaction and the syntax of the logics [28].…”

“…This can be easily extrapolated to branching-time properties [31], whose allowed executions can be seen as a restricted execution tree. CTL, CTL*, and µ-calculus properties can be checked using external model checkers through an extensible interface umaudemc that unifies the interaction and the syntax of the logics [28]. This interface is built over a library that allows accessing Maude objects and operations from Python and other programming languages, which can be used to make these model checkers directly available to Maude-based frameworks like the one for membrane systems presented here.…”

“…Moreover, membrane systems can also be checked against CTL* and µ-calculus properties, using the external model checkers for strategy-controlled systems [31]. Since these are not integrated in the Maude interpreter, they should be used through an external tool instead of the membrane environment.…”

“…However, instead of using Maude external objects for reading files and printing messages, the standard Python library is used, in which it is programmed. Once the model is set up, it is a strategy-controlled Maude specification that is directly passed to the unified model-checking tool umaudemc [31] via its Python API.…”

“…Moreover, we also allow model checking LTL, CTL*, and µ-calculus properties expressed in a builtin but extensible language of atomic propositions. Model checking is directly backed by our model checker for systems controlled by strategies [29,31], which is able to consider membrane evolution steps as the transitions of the model. Furthermore, the prototype is easily extensible, as illustrated in Section 7 with three common variations of membrane systems, and efficient, as seen in Section 8.…”