Strategies of Large Park Development and Management through Governance - Case Studies of The Presidio and Sydney Harbour National Park -

Abstract

This study aims to suggest strategies of development and management for large parks by examining experimental cases of park governance models related to a shift away from public administration. The shifts towards governance as well as public-private partnership in city parks have involved the need for new public management. This study has analyzed two exemplary cases of Presidio Park and Sydney Harbour National Park in the aspects of planning process and management strategies, as the results derived the meaning and effect of park governance management and is also an essential prerequisite for the achievement of the model. There are six dimensions of research frames--namely policy, governance, partnership, finances and funds, design and maintenance-management, and evaluation-monitoring-taken as the basis for this study.Through the analysis, several key characteristics of these cases were elicited. First, the park planning process must be consistent in carrying a policy from planning to implementation, and furthermore, an independent operation body which can properly authorize an execution and uphold its responsibility from the public could serve in adaptable park services. Second, it has been suggested to build various partnerships with PAs and NGOs, private corporations, community groups, and academic institutes that allow it to expand the diversity of the park activities. Third, there has been experimental exploration to achieve a financially self-sufficient model by establishing internal revenue models and hence allow the reduction of reliance on public finances. The result of this type of park management would allow for improving park quality and make the park space a vital part of the local economy. Fourth, the strategies for a local community's participation are needed to allow the community to become a producer as well as a consumer.This study shows that the direction and significance of the park governance model regarding the fact that the plans sought by the two parks are extending the layout of public-centered discussion to the private sector and the third 거버넌스를 통한 대형 도시공원의 조성 및 운영관리 전략 Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 178 한국조경학회지 제 44권 6호(2016년 12월) 61non-governmental sector including to the local community group. This shows both implications and limitations, such as the risk of privatization through non-governmental activities at the park or the violation of essential functions as a public good due to a profit-generating management policy for securing financial self-sufficiency. At the current point in which plans are under way for the development and management of large parks, a park governance model requires continuous study and expansion of discussion in the future.

A Study on an Understanding of Migrant Women’s Empowerment and Their Perceptions Toward Participation in Park Management and Its Correlation

“…In other words, as parks and green spaces help recover mental health and are closely related to the quality of life (Park and Miyazaki, 2008), there could be relevance of improving the quality of life through environmental adaptation pursued by empowerment. Furthermore, the issue of long-term management is raised with the recent increase of qualitative interest in parks and green spaces (Nam and Oh, 2021;Sim and Zoh, 2016;Nam and Dempsey, 2019a). Their studies argue that long-term management of parks and green spaces guarantee the maintenance of quality, and parks and green spaces have a positive effect on mental health.…”

“…6, 2022 (Dempsey et al, 2016b), long-term prospects of citizens managing urban green spaces (Mattijssen, T.J.M, 2017), park plantation management (Nam and Dempsey, 2019b), practical approach to national health (Nam and Dempsey, 2019a), and public green management of local governments in Norway (Claudia Fongar et al, 2019). Studies in Korea include strategies to create and manage urban parks (Sim and Zoh, 2016), park renewal , fine dust reduction , evaluation and use of parks and green spaces (Cho and Nam, 2022), and analytical framework for landscape management in islands (Nam and Oh, 2021). This recent long-term management applying the concept of place-keeping have a positive effect on migrant women as the potential subject of management, which raises the need to first understand their perceptions.…”