Strategies to increase growth early embryo stages of bovine in achieving blastocysts in vitro: A Review

Abstract

The growth of bovine embryos in vitro begins with fertilization is the unification of male and female gametes in the fertilization media into zygote. After unification, the embryo will cleavage from two cells until they reach a blastocyst which can be transferred to the recipient. One of indicator the success of bovine embryo culture in vitro is the ability of the embryo from an early stage of development to reach blastocyst. To achieve this aim an embryo enhancement strategy is needed to reach the blastocyst stage. Various strategies that can be carried out for the improvement include the use of an appropriate maturation media, removed cumulus cells and the addition of hormones to the culture media. The use of CR1aa media in culture media can reach 27.0% of embryos that reach blastosis of total fertilized oocytes. Removal of cumulus cells after 48 hours of fertilization can increase the development of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. In addition, by increasing the TGFβ hormone 1 ng/ml + bFGF 50 ng/ml can increase the levels of 2 cells by 314 reaching the blastocyst level of 30 embryos.

The Role of Ionomycin in the Improvement of in vitro Fertilization and Increasing the Rate of Bovine Embryo Development

“…A certain protocol is taken during the in vitro production of embryos to mimic the in vivo conditions in various types of animals, beginning with in vitro maturation of oocytes within 20 to 24 hours following retrieval (Wrenzycki, 2018;Damayanti et al, 2020) and the first polar body extrusion, which is required for fertilization and the beginning of embryonic development (Sirard, 2016;Turhan et al, 2021). Therefore, the oocyte's maturation is essential for fertilization and preimplantation development (Barakat et al, 2018).…”