Orange-colored single-crystals of barium hexahydroxorhodate(III) monohydrate, Ba 3 [Rh(OH) 6 ] 2 • H 2 O, were synthesized in a PTFE-lined autoclave at 200°C starting from Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , RhI 3 and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution (water-base ratio 4 : 1). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the triclinic space group P � 1 (no. 2) with lattice parameters a = 824.60(6) pm, b = 852.78(5) pm, c = 885.34(6) pm, α = 94.294(3)°, β = 92.422(3)°, γ = 91.673(3)°at 100(1) K. The crystal structure consists of [Rh(OH) 6 ] 3À octahedra surrounded by barium cations and water molecules. Hydrogen bonds with a wide range of donoracceptor distances are located between hydroxide groups and water molecules to form one-dimensional hydrogen bonding networks in c direction. Upon heating in air, Ba 3 [Rh(OH) 6 ] 2 • H 2 O decomposes first to "BaRhO 3 " with a superstructure of the hexagonal perovskite type, which undergoes a phase transition to the 2H hexagonal perovskite Ba 9 Rh 8 O 24 above 900°C.