Strategies toward anode stabilization in nonaqueous alkali metal–oxygen batteries

Abstract

Alkali metal-O2 batteries exhibit ultra-high theoretical energy density which is even on a par with to fossil energy and expected to become the next generation of energy storage devices. However,...

3D Carbon Materials for High-Performance Electric Energy Storage Facilities

“…Accommodating the alkali metal into a 3D carbon framework is an effective strategy to eliminate the formation of dendrite. The large SSA of the 3D network decreases the actual current density, thus eliminating the growth of dendrites (Figure b). − …”

Emerging application of 2D materials for dendrite-free metal batteries

“…Table 1 summarizes the fundamental information regarding various metal anodes [26] . Meanwhile, metal anodes can be paired with various cathode materials, such as sulfur, oxygen, or transition metal oxides, which allows for a wide range of battery chemistry to be developed [27][28][29][30] . Additionally, many metals, such as zinc and iron, are abundant and inexpensive, which makes them attractive for large-scale energy storage applications [31][32][33] .…”

RuO2-Incorporated Co3O4 Nanoneedles Grown on Carbon Cloth as Binder-Free Integrated Cathodes for Tuning Favorable Li2O2 Formation

“…In the past few years, researchers have devoted themselves to develop an efficient electrolyte–cathode contact interface to improve the electrochemical performance of LOBs. , In terms of structure, enlarging the electrolyte–cathode interface area can theoretically achieve higher discharge capacity of the battery. − A variety of novel cathode structures or composite electrolyte–cathode structures have been proposed to provide sites for the formation and decomposition of insoluble Li 2 O 2 , but this improvement cannot reduce the overpotential obviously. , On the other hand, noble metals, , transition metal oxides ,,, and soluble redox media − have been introduced into the cathode as catalysts to promote oxygen redox kinetics. ,− However, insoluble discharge products will cover the surface of the catalyst, resulting in discharge termination. , Obviously, this strategy cannot greatly increase the discharge capacity of the battery. Meanwhile, irreversible side reactions induced by decomposition of polymeric binders have become critical issues. , Therefore, in order to improve the application of electrolyte–cathode interfaces in LOBs, huge efforts were made to design a binder-free framework with large specific surface area and high catalytic activity which enables one to store and decompose enough discharge products, while ensuring sufficient transport channels for oxygen, lithium ions, and electrons. ,,− A free-standing cathode generally obtained by electrospinning, electrodeposition, or hydrothermal methods provides LOBs with enough storage space for Li 2 O 2 and a continuous mass transfer channel. ,− Typical of these published studies is growing acicular Co 9 S 8 nanorods directly onto the porous carbon foil to store plenty of discharge production and achieve superior bifunctional catalytic properties …”

“…12,13 In the past few years, researchers have devoted themselves to develop an efficient electrolyte−cathode contact interface to improve the electrochemical performance of LOBs. 14,15 In terms of structure, enlarging the electrolyte−cathode interface area can theoretically achieve higher discharge capacity of the battery. 16−19 A variety of novel cathode structures or composite electrolyte−cathode structures have been proposed to provide sites for the formation and decomposition of insoluble Li 2 O 2 , but this improvement cannot reduce the overpotential obviously.…”