“…Phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza [11], ginsenosides in Panax ginseng [12] and Panax notoginseng [13], sphingolipids in Caenorhabditis elegans [14], and proteins in tissues [15] have been comprehensively characterized using 2D-HILIC × RPLC, which demonstrate its enhanced separation efficiency, reduced ion suppression for the subsequent MS detection, and powerful characterization ability. Other orthogonal separation systems, including 2D-NPLC × RPLC [16], 2D-SEC × RPLC [17][18][19], 2D-chiral × chiral [20], and 2D-achiral × chiral [21], temperatureresponsive LC × RPLC [22], countercurrent chromatography × RPLC [23], IEC × assay-based RPLC [24], SFC × RPLC [25], IPC × RPLC [26], and IEC × SEC [27] have also been developed and applied toward the analysis of biosamples. Moreover, advanced strategies [28][29][30] were proposed for the development of a more systematic, less tedious, and less reliant on user expertise 2D-LC method.…”