Strategy for Introduction of Foreign Genes into Field Populations of Chagas Disease Vectors

Durvasula, Ravi; Kroger, Andrew T.; Goodwin, Matthew G; Panackal, Anil A.; Kruglov, Oleg; Taneja, J.; Gumbs, Andrew A.; Richards, Frederic M.; Beard, C. W.; Cordón-Rosales, Celia

doi:10.1093/aesa/92.6.937

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Proposed drive mechanisms include transposable elements, densoviruses, and bacterial symbionts of the vectors such as Wolbachia. In some disease systems, such as Chagas disease, researchers have focused on genetic engineering of the bacterial symbionts themselves to express and release transgene products that are deleterious to the disease agent into insect tissues (Durvasula et al 1997). In the Chagas system, the most promising drive mechanism relies simply on the feces-eating behavior of the insect vector to disperse the recombinant symbiont, Rhodococcus rhodnii (Durvasula et al 1999).…”

Section: Box 5 Reducing Insect-borne Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹

Snow

Andow

Gepts

et al. 2005

Ecological Applications

292

216

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The Ecological Society of America has evaluated the ecological effects of current and potential uses of field‐released genetically engineered organisms (GEOs), as described in this Position Paper. Some GEOs could play a positive role in sustainable agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, bioremediation, and environmental management, both in developed and developing countries. However, deliberate or inadvertent releases of GEOs into the environment could have negative ecological effects under certain circumstances. Possible risks of GEOs could include: (1) creating new or more vigorous pests and pathogens; (2) exacerbating the effects of existing pests through hybridization with related transgenic organisms; (3) harm to nontarget species, such as soil organisms, non‐pest insects, birds, and other animals; (4) disruption of biotic communities, including agroecosystems; and (5) irreparable loss or changes in species diversity or genetic diversity within species. Many potential applications of genetic engineering extend beyond traditional breeding, encompassing viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, grasses, trees, insects, fish, and shellfish. GEOs that present novel traits will need special scrutiny with regard to their environmental effects. The Ecological Society of America supports the following recommendations. (1) GEOs should be designed to reduce environmental risks. (2) More extensive studies of the environmental benefits and risks associated with GEOs are needed. (3) These effects should be evaluated relative to appropriate baseline scenarios. (4) Environmental release of GEOs should be prevented if scientific knowledge about possible risks is clearly inadequate. (5) In some cases, post‐release monitoring will be needed to identify, manage, and mitigate environmental risks. (6) Science‐based regulation should subject all transgenic organisms to a similar risk assessment framework and should incorporate a cautious approach, recognizing that many environmental effects are GEO‐ and site‐specific. (7) Ecologists, agricultural scientists, molecular biologists, and others need broader training and wider collaboration to address these recommendations. In summary, GEOs should be evaluated and used within the context of a scientifically based regulatory policy that encourages innovation without compromising sound environmental management. The Ecological Society of America is committed to providing scientific expertise for evaluating and predicting the ecological effects of field‐released transgenic organisms.

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Section: Box 5 Reducing Insect-borne Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹

Snow

Andow

Gepts

et al. 2005

Ecological Applications

292

216

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“…A comparative analysis of the five vectors phylogeny with the inclusion of other insects, particularly termites, harboring protozoan endosymbionts provides several lines of evidence that faecal transmission is ancestral. In addition, triatomines demonstrate exclusive cophageny for bacterial symbionts (Durvasula et al 1999), and predominant cophageny for the triatomine pathogen Blastocrithidia triatomae (Schaub et al 1989). The evidence suggests that the original bug-borne trypanosome "hijacked" the natural mechanism of endosymbiont transmission.…”

Section: Vector Phylogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecotopes and evolution of triatomine bugs (triatominae) and their associated trypanosomes

Gaunt

Miles

2000

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

199

117

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cruzi 1 (Z1) by host transfers into rodents, edentates, and primates. We have constructed a molecular phylogeny of haematophagous vectors, including triatomine bugs, which suggests that faecal transmission of trypanosomes may be the ancestral route. A molecular clock phylogeny suggests that Rhodnius and Triatoma diverged before the arrival, about 40 million years ago, of bats and rodents into South America.Key words: triatomine bugs -ecotopes -palms -Rhodnius -marsupials -Didelphis -edentatesTrypanosoma cruzi -evolution -phylogenetics Phenotypic diversity and genotypic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi were described in a series of publications in the 70s and 80s. At least two major subdivisions within the species were defined, initially as principal zymodemes (reviewed in Stothard et al. 1999, Anon 1999. Contemporary papers on T. cruzi in the Amazon basin of Brazil, described the habitats and vertebrate hosts of triatomine bug species and their roles as vectors of T. cruzi and T. rangeli (Miles et al. 1981a(Miles et al. ,b, 1983). Here we revisit these early studies in the context of (a) more recent molecular approaches to understanding T. cruzi genotypes, and (b) new research on the phylogeny of triatomine bugs. We speculate on the evolution of triatomine bugs and T. cruzi, and provide evidence for key elements of their evolutionary history.

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“…These strategies primarily involve either direct genetic transformation of an insect genome via mobile DNA elements, resulting in a transgenic insect (19,21,(51)(52)(53), or expression of a gene product in the host insect via transformed symbiotic microbes, resulting in a paratransgenic insect (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(31)(32)(33). It is the latter of these strategies, the application of paratransgenesis for the control of Chagas disease transmission by triatomine bugs, that is the focus of this review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Symbionts of the Triatominae and Their Potential Use in Control of Chagas Disease Transmission

Beard

Cordón-Rosales

Durvasula

2002

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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217

158

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Chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insects in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae, commonly known as kissing bugs. Because these insects feed throughout their entire developmental cycle on vertebrate blood, they harbor populations of symbiotic bacteria in their intestinal track that produce nutrients that are lacking in the insects' limited diet. It is possible to cultivate these bacteria, genetically modify them, and place them back into their insect host, thus generating a paratransgenic insect. This procedure has allowed the expression of antitrypanosomal gene products in the insect gut, thereby resulting in insects that are incapable of transmitting Chagas disease. A method has been developed that would allow introduction and spread of genetically modified symbionts into natural populations of kissing bugs, thus leading potentially to a transgenic intervention tool for use as a part of an integrated vector control approach.

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Strategy for Introduction of Foreign Genes into Field Populations of Chagas Disease Vectors

Cited by 40 publications

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GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹

The ecotopes and evolution of triatomine bugs (triatominae) and their associated trypanosomes

Bacterial Symbionts of the Triatominae and Their Potential Use in Control of Chagas Disease Transmission

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Strategy for Introduction of Foreign Genes into Field Populations of Chagas Disease Vectors

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS1

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS1

The ecotopes and evolution of triatomine bugs (triatominae) and their associated trypanosomes

Bacterial Symbionts of the Triatominae and Their Potential Use in Control of Chagas Disease Transmission

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Product

Resources

About

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹