Strategy for sampling Hanford Site tank wastes for development of disposal technology

Kupfer, M.J.

doi:10.2172/10110174

Cited by 14 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…For the most part, fuel was clad with Al alloys, though a lesser amount of zircalloy clad fuel was also processed (Kupfer, et al 1997). Wastes from cladding removal are distinct from those which evolved from various Pu/U recovery operations.…”

Section: Cladding Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if a heel is to form from a particular component, it must at least locally, comprise a significant fraction of the sludge present. Most of the major waste streams from the different Hanford processing technologies have been defined (see Kupfer, 1997) and the major types of Savannah River sludge have also been documented. The procedure followed in preparing sludge stock solutions was to mix acid salts of the desired components and then neutralize them.…”

Section: Behavior Of Normal Sludge Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence, Characterization and Synthesis of Hanford and SRS Tank Heel Materials

Krumhansl¹

2002

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The long-range objective of this study was to develop chemically assisted technologies for removing heels from tanks. In FY 01, the first two steps toward this objective were taken: (1) catalogue the occurrence and nature of tank heels and assess which materials are available for study and (2) develop methods for synthesizing non-radioactive surrogate heel materials for use in testing potential removal technologies.The chief finding of Task 1 was the existence of "heels", depending on the definition used. Hard materials that would be almost impossible to remove by sluicing are all but absent from the records ofboth Savannah River and Hanford. Historical usage suggests that the term "heel" may also apply to chunky, granular, or semi-solid pasty accumulations. These materials are documented and may also be difficult to remove by conventional sluicing technologies. Such heels may be comprised of normal sludge components, dominantly iron and aluminum hydroxides, or they may result from added materials which were not part of the normal fuel reprocessing operations: Portland cement, diatomaceous earth, sand and soil and spent zeolite ion exchange "resins". The occurrence and chemistry of the most notable "heel", that of the zeolite mass in Tank 19F at Savannah River, is reviewed in some detail. Secondly, no clear correlation was found between high tank temperatures and difficulties encountered in removing materials fiom a tank at a later date; nor did the sludges fiom these tanks give any indication of being particularly solid.Experimental studies to develop synthetic heel materials were caned out using a number of different approaches. For normal sludge materials settling, even when assisted by a centrihge, it proved ineffective. The same result was obtained from drylng sludge samples. Even exposing sludges to a molten salt melt at 233' C, only produced a fine powder, rather than a resilient ceramic which resisted disaggregation. A cohesive material, however, was produced by wicking the pore fluid out of a sludge gel (into packed diatomaceous earth), while simultaneously applying pressure to compact the sludge as it dehydrated. Osmotic gradients could provide the same fimction as the capillary forces provided by the diatomaceous earth sorbant placed in contact with the sludge. Tests on the anomalous materials added to the tanks all indicated potential problems. Hard granules, and maybe chunks, may be encountered where Portland cement was added to a tank. Sand, spent zeolite resin, and diatomaceous earth, will all react with the tank fluids to produce a sodalite/cancrinite material. The degree of reaction determines whether the grains become cemented together. SRS activities showed that heels formed when spent zeolites were added to 3 tanks can be readily dislodged and it is expected that heels from sand would possess equal or less cohesion. Diatomaceous earth may f o m more resilient crusts or masses.To summarize, the existence of "hard" heels has yet to be documented. A broader definition suggests inclusion ...

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Section: Cladding Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavior Of Normal Sludge Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Characterization and Synthesis of Hanford and SRS Tank Heel Materials

Krumhansl¹

2002

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“…As part of the effort to characterize Hanford waste and make the characterization process more efficient, tank grouping models have been developed based on process information, transaction history, fundamental chemical and physical principles, and assumptions regarding the behavior of waste in the tanks. The model used as a basis for determining sampling priorities for disposal (Kupfer et al 1995) was a qualitative model called Sort on Radioactive Waste Type (SORWT) that used waste transfer records (Anderson 1990) to sort tanks into waste type groups. Further statistical evaluation to compare the models with observed concentrations will not be pursued at this time.…”

Section: Predictive Reliability Of Process Models (Question #12)mentioning

confidence: 99%

High priority tank sampling and analysis report

Brown¹

1998

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“…. (Dukelow et al 1995), Historical Model Evaluation Data Requirements (Simpson and McCain 1995), and Strategy for Sampling Hanford Site Tank Wastes for Development of Disposal Technology (Kupfer et al 1995). The requirements set forth in these documents are integrated in the sampling and analysis plan (SAP) (Kruger 1996).…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The historical DQO, through selective tank sampling, attempts to evaluate the waste composition predictions made by the Hanford Defined Waste (HDW) model, the Tank Layer Model (TLM), and the Historical Tank Content Estimate (HTCE). A core composite sample was sent to the Pretreatment Program to fulfill the requirements in Kupfer et al (1995) and the SAP.…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-S-101

Kruger¹

1996

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Strategy for sampling Hanford Site tank wastes for development of disposal technology

Abstract: Character i zat i on Program 5. Proj./Prog./Dept./Div.:

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Occurrence, Characterization and Synthesis of Hanford and SRS Tank Heel Materials

Occurrence, Characterization and Synthesis of Hanford and SRS Tank Heel Materials

High priority tank sampling and analysis report

Tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-S-101

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