Strategy of Biological Radiation Protection of Biota at the Radionuclide Contaminated Territories

Gudkov, I.N.

doi:10.1007/1-4020-4956-0_10

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Twenty years after the catastrophe, some 10 to 15% of the milk on private Belarussian farms had a higher Cs-137 contamination than the permissible level. In 2006 there were (Gudkov, 2006) Reduction factor…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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14. Protective Measures for Activities in Chernobyl's Radioactively Contaminated Territories

Nesterenko¹,

Nesterenko²

2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Owing to internally absorbed radionuclides, radiation levels for individuals living in the contaminated territories of Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia have been increasing steadily since 1994. Special protective measures in connection with agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing are necessary to protect the health of people in all the radioactively contaminated territories. Among the measures that have proven to be effective in reducing levels of incorporated radionuclides in meat production are food additives with ferrocyanides, zeolites, and mineral salts. Significant decreases in radionuclide levels in crops are achieved using lime/Ca as an antagonist of Sr-90, K fertilizers as antagonists of Cs-137, and phosphoric fertilizers that form a hard, soluble phosphate with Sr-90. Disk tillage and replowing of hayfields incorporating applications of organic and mineral fertilizers reduces the levels of Cs-137 and Sr-90 three- to fivefold in herbage grown in mineral soils. Among food technologies to reduce radionuclide content are cleaning cereal seeds, processing potatoes into starch, processing carbohydrate-containing products into sugars, and processing milk into cream and butter. There are several simple cooking techniques that decrease radionuclides in foodstuffs. Belarus has effectively used some forestry operations to create "a live partition wall," to regulate the redistribution of radionuclides into ecosystems. All such protective measures will be necessary in many European territories for many generations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hayfields (meadows and pastures) used to support milk and meat production account for up to half of all contaminated agricultural land in Belarus. Disk tilling and replowing of hayfields incorporating an application of organic and mineral fertilizers reduces the levels of Cs- (Gudkov, 2006) Reduction factor…”

Section: Measures For Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

14. Protective Measures for Activities in Chernobyl's Radioactively Contaminated Territories

Nesterenko¹,

Nesterenko²

2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…The main ones that determine the radiation state are 90 Sr and 137 Cs (Omar-Nazir et al, 2018). The chemical properties of cesium and strontium radionuclides are similar to those of potassium and calcium; therefore, they are easily included in the trophic chain "soil → plants → plant production" and accumulate in food products (Gudkov, 2006). Most of the territory of Ukraine is contaminated with 137 Cs which emerges when uranium and plutonium decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals, nitrates and radionuclides in milk of cows depending on their stress resistance

Chernenko¹,

Sanzhara²,

Shulzhenko³

et al. 2019

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The paper presents the results of studies on the content of cesium, strontium, zinc, cadmium, copper, lead and nitrates in the milk of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed cows with different resistance to stress. The resistance of cows to stress was determined by concentration of cortisol in the blood one hour after a stress effect. The following factors were stressful: fixation of animals for one hour and pre-selection of blood by a veterinarian for general analysis. The objective of the research was establishing a connection between the different adaptive potential of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breeds and the ability of their bodies to excrete via the milk heavy metal salts, nitrates and radioactive elements which enter the body with food and water. The scientific hypothesis was that the state of pressure which occurs in the body under the influence of stress impairs homeostasis. It can affect the quantity and quality of products, it can cause disorders in the metabolic processes, the synthesis of milk components and introduction of some harmful substances into milk, which are differently accumulated in the body of cows with diverse reactions to stress and can be excreted with milk in at different levels. We established that different resistance of cows to stress can affect the concentration of the investigated harmful substances in milk. Concentration of lead, cadmium, zinc and nitrates was lower in milk of more stress-resistant cows (the first group). Their milk had a lower specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr. For all the seasons, the reliable results were obtained only for nitrates, and 137Cs and 90Sr – in spring, summer and autumn. Thus, milk of cows with higher resistance to stress is safer in terms of contents of the investigated elements. We have drawn a conclusion that stress can affect the ability of the body to excrete via the milk harmful elements which enter the body with food and water. Perspectives of further research are determining the effect of cows’ stress resistance on the suitability of milk for the production of baby food products.

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Chapter IV. Radiation Protection after the Chernobyl Catastrophe

Nesterenko¹,

Nesterenko²,

Yablokov

2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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More than 50% of Chernobyl's radionuclides were dispersed outside of Belarus, Ukraine, and European Russia and caused fallout as far away as North America. In 1986 nearly 400 million people lived in areas radioactively contaminated at a level higher than 4 kBq/m(2) and nearly 5 million individuals are still being exposed to dangerous contamination. The increase in morbidity, premature aging, and mutations is seen in all the contaminated territories that have been studied. The increase in the rates of total mortality for the first 17 years in European Russia was up to 3.75% and in Ukraine it was up to 4.0%. Levels of internal irradiation are increasing owing to plants absorbing and recycling Cs-137, Sr-90, Pu, and Am. During recent years, where internal levels of Cs-137 have exceeded 1 mSv/year, which is considered "safe," it must be lowered to 50 Bq/kg in children and to 75 Bq/kg in adults. Useful practices to accomplish this include applying mineral fertilizers on agricultural lands, K and organosoluble lignin on forestlands, and regular individual consumption of natural pectin enterosorbents. Extensive international help is needed to provide radiation protection for children, especially in Belarus, where over the next 25 to 30 years radionuclides will continue to contaminate plants through the root layers in the soil. Irradiated populations of plants and animals exhibit a variety of morphological deformities and have significantly higher levels of mutations that were rare prior to 1986. The Chernobyl zone is a "black hole": some species may persist there only via immigration from uncontaminated areas.

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Strategy of Biological Radiation Protection of Biota at the Radionuclide Contaminated Territories

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

14. Protective Measures for Activities in Chernobyl's Radioactively Contaminated Territories

14. Protective Measures for Activities in Chernobyl's Radioactively Contaminated Territories

Heavy metals, nitrates and radionuclides in milk of cows depending on their stress resistance

Chapter IV. Radiation Protection after the Chernobyl Catastrophe

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