Strategy to Enhance Influenza Surveillance Worldwide1

Ortiz, Justin R.; Sotomayor, Viviana; Uez, Osvaldo; Oliva, Otávio Pinheiro; Bettels, Deborah; McCarron, Margaret; Bresee, Joseph S.; Mounts, Anthony W.

doi:10.3201/eid1508.081422

Cited by 111 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Such surveillance can seldom be used to define the burden of influenza, however, because it often occurs in referral hospitals, where the denominator population is difficult to define and the health-seeking patterns may not be representative of the norm. 21,22 The rate of influenza-associated hospitalization that we report in children of Bondo district who were aged < 5 years (i.e. 143.7 cases per 100 000 child-years) is lower than the corresponding values reported in South Africa, Thailand and the United States.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

The population-based burden of influenza-associated hospitalization in rural western Kenya, 2007–2009

Feikin

Ope

Aura

et al. 2012

Bull. World Health Organ.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

The population-based burden of influenza-associated hospitalization in rural western Kenya, 2007–2009

Feikin

Ope

Aura

et al. 2012

Bull. World Health Organ.

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“…Learning more about the 2015 strains circulating in India could help public health officials determine treatment options and inform on vaccines for the next influenza season, which is likely to include currently circulating strains [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 genogroup 6B and drug resistant virus, India, January to May 2015

et al. 2016

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To investigate the aetiology of the 2015 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza outbreak in India, 1,083 nasopharyngeal swabs from suspect patients were screened for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Of 412 positive specimens, six were further characterised by phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin (HA) sequences revealing that they belonged to genogroup 6B. A new mutation (E164G) was observed in HA2 of two sequences. Neuraminidase genes in two of 12 isolates from fatal cases on prior oseltamivir treatment harboured the H275Y mutation.An epidemic of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, affecting over 39,000 persons and causing more than 2,500 deaths occurred in India in 2015 [1]. We show that genotype 6B strains forming two sub-lineages circulated during the outbreak. Comparison of the sequences of six outbreak strains recovered in this work, to other published genotype 6B sequences, also reveals a unique combination of previously-reported mutations in the haemagglutinin (HA) gene. Two of the six sequences additionally display a E164G mutation in HA2, which has not been reported to date, moreover a N129D mutation in HA1 is observed for two sequences derived from patients with severe disease. Among strains analysed from 12 fatal cases on prior oseltamivir treatment, two harbour the H275Y mutation in the neuraminidase (NA) gene, which confers resistance to this antiviral.

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“…The statistical analysis of the results was performed with the program SPSS version 16 (Fig. 1 a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Respiratory Viruses in the 2009 Winter Season in Rome: 2009 Influenza a (H1N1) Complications in Children and Concomitant Type 1 Diabetes Onset

Nenna

Papoff

Moretti

et al. 2011

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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We investigated clinical characteristics and complications, particularly type 1 diabetes onset, in children hospitalized for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus and compared number of consultations, rate of hospitalization and virus identification in children hospitalized for acute respiratory symptoms (ARS) during the winter season 2009–2010 and 2004–2005. Patients were tested for 2009 H1N1 virus and 14 respiratory viruses on pharyngeal brush/nasal aspirates, using a RT-PCR or nested PCR assays. Consultations and hospitalizations were extracted from operative system GIPSE. The total number of consultations increased by 12%, consultation rate for ARS by 13% and number of hospitalizations by 56% from 2004–2005 to 2009–2010. In 2004–2005, Influenza A virus was identified in only 7% of hospitalized children, while in 2009–2010 the 2009 H1N1 virus was identified in 21%. Three children attending the hospital for ARS and 2009 H1N1 infection had ketoacidosis as the onset manifestation of type 1 diabetes. By comparing the number of new diabetes diagnoses among the two winter seasons, we found a higher number of new diagnoses in October 2009 January 2010 than in the same period in 2004–2005 (19 vs 10). Six children (13%), all presenting with pre-existing diseases, were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. No children died. The outbreak of this novel virus has increased pediatric consultation rates and hospitalizations compared with previous winters without causing deaths. The children at highest risk for severe infection are those with comorbidities. The 2009 H1N1 virus seems in some way involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

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Strategy to Enhance Influenza Surveillance Worldwide1

Abstract: Sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness is effective in resource-limited settings.

Cited by 111 publications

References 17 publications

The population-based burden of influenza-associated hospitalization in rural western Kenya, 2007–2009

The population-based burden of influenza-associated hospitalization in rural western Kenya, 2007–2009

Emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 genogroup 6B and drug resistant virus, India, January to May 2015

Detection of Respiratory Viruses in the 2009 Winter Season in Rome: 2009 Influenza a (H1N1) Complications in Children and Concomitant Type 1 Diabetes Onset

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