Strategy towards one-step preparation of carboxylic cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils with high yield, carboxylation and highly stable dispersibility using innocuous citric acid

Ji, Hui Ming; Xiang, Zhouyang; Hu, Qi; Han, Tingting; Pranovich, Andrey; Song, Tao

doi:10.1039/c8gc03493a

Cited by 165 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, concentrated mineral acids are responsible for corrosion issues associated with production equipment. In addition, their disposal has caused environmental concerns (Ji et al, 2019). While these problems can be negated through Enzymatic Hydrolysis of cellulosic materials, whereby enzymes break down the cellulose glycosidic and intermolecular bonds.…”

Section: Nanocrystalline Cellulose Production Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Recent Developments in Hetero-Catalytic Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass

Ahmed-Haras

Kao

Islam

et al. 2020

Res Com Eng Sc Tech

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In recent years, research activities involved in the production of nanocellulosic materials have grown substantially, rapidly stimulating the development of innovative production techniques. These materials are chemically extracted by acid-catalyzed Hydrolysis of the renewable and widely available cellulosic biomass. In this regard, sulfuric acid-catalyzed Hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass is a commonly known method for the production of nanostructured cellulose. However, this method may result in many disadvantages, including short catalyst-lifetime, corrosive to the reactor materials and managing the spent sulfuric acid resulted from the production process. This dictates the implementation of an eco-industrial alternative for the catalytic production of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A viable and practical alternative is the application of heterogeneous (solid acids) catalysts, which can be more conducive in providing favorable platforms for efficient cellulose hydrolysis. This review highlights the current production methods of nanocrystalline cellulose. Further, recent literature on the heterogeneous-catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass is briefly discussed. The limitations and disadvantages of these techniques are also described.

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Section: Nanocrystalline Cellulose Production Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Recent Developments in Hetero-Catalytic Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass

Ahmed-Haras

Kao

Islam

et al. 2020

Res Com Eng Sc Tech

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“…39 By calculation, the crystallinities of CMC B , CMCNFs, and CMCNCs are 53.7%, 62.5%, and 74.4%, respectively. Microfluidization or hydrolysis could not change on the crystalline allomorph of the cellulose, 40 while hydrolysis is capable of destroying more amorphous region, giving rise to a higher crystallinity for CMCNCs. TG/DTG of CMC A , CMC B , CMCNFs and CMCNCs are displayed in Figure 2(c).…”

Section: Characterization Of Cmc a Cmc B Cmcnfs And Cmcncsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preparation of treelike and rodlike carboxymethylated nanocellulose and their effect on carboxymethyl cellulose films

Wei

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with low substitution degree, followed by different posttreatments, was applied to prepare treelike CMC nanofibrils (CMCNFs) and rodlike CMC nanocrystals (CMCNCs), and their performance in CMC composite film was evaluated simultaneously. From transmission electron microscopy results, it was found that the treelike CMCNCFs exhibited a lager aspect ratio compared to the rodlike CMCNCs. As for reinforcing CMC film, 4 wt% was the best adding amount, at this time, the tensile strength of CMC/CMCNFs and CMC/CMCNCs composite films was increased by 72.1% and 47.3%, respectively. Moreover, adding these nanofillers to CMC also could enhance the thermal stability of composite films slightly, while the transmittance of composite films was reduced at the same time. In addition, CMC/CMCNFs film was designed as a packaging box to determine its performance. Therefore, this study could reveal the differences of properties for composites with different types of nanocellulose and provide a foundation for further application of nanocellulose.

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“…The isolation of CNCs becomes more efficient when the acid concentration is between 60 and 80 wt% at a reaction temperature of 100 C under 240 min of hydrolysis time. [1,68] The results of acid hydrolysis show that there is a visibility of rod-like structured CNCs in the range of 13.7 ± 0.6 nm (width) and 480.5 ± 30 nm (length), the thermal stability (308 0 C) and final thermal degradation temperature (350 0 C) of the CNCs (76 wt%) is higher than that of a mineral acid hydrolyzed. [1] The organic acid hydrolysis methods are more ecofriendly when compared to classic mineral acid hydrolysis.…”

Section: Organic Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibers: Pretreatment, preparation, and characterization

Nagarajan¹,

Ramanujam²,

Sanjay

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

213

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Crafting ecological materials from green resources is posing a significant challenge for the researchers and scientists around the globe and has resulted in the development of nanocellulose materials, which has paved the way for enriching the basic knowledge and many opportunities on developing biobased materials. This has augmented the utilization of carbohydrate-based organic materials and successfully replacing conventional nonrenewable materials. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) belonging to the newer emerging field of nanomaterials are finding increasing interest among the investigators owing to their environmentally sustainable characteristics like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and potential availability in abundance at a cheaper price. The present review article intends to provide a detailed insight about the advancements and various challenges postured in the field of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The article further discusses about different cellulose fiber extraction sources and their methods, purification processes employed, various sample preparation and drying techniques used for CNCs and CNFs. The article also outlines the various characterization methods practiced for scrutinizing CNCs and CNFs when used in polymer matrix composites. Finally, the benefits of using the CNMs in several potential applications such as paper, oil and gas industries, food packaging and structural sectors, conductive ink and water purification areas, medical and printed electronic fields are highlighted in this extensively reviewed article.

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Strategy towards one-step preparation of carboxylic cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils with high yield, carboxylation and highly stable dispersibility using innocuous citric acid

Abstract: Highly efficient preparation and carboxylation of nanocelluloses were achieved simultaneously using innocuous and recyclable citric acid with the assistance of ultrasonication.

Cited by 165 publications

References 38 publications

An Overview of Recent Developments in Hetero-Catalytic Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass

An Overview of Recent Developments in Hetero-Catalytic Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass

Preparation of treelike and rodlike carboxymethylated nanocellulose and their effect on carboxymethyl cellulose films

A comprehensive review on cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibers: Pretreatment, preparation, and characterization

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