Stratigraphic range of the large canids (Carnivora, Canidae) in South America, and its relevance to quaternary biostratigraphy

Prevosti, Francisco Juan; Tonni, Eduardo Pedro; Bidegain, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.034

Cited by 25 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“… References: Kurtén (); Berta (); Kurtén & Anderson (); Sotnikova (); Spassov & Rook (); Prevosti, Zurita, & Carlini (), Prevosti et al. (); Wang et al. (); Rook (); Tedford et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two exclusively fossil canid subgroups, Eocene–Miocene Hesperocyoninae and Oligocene–Pliocene Borophaginae, were endemic to North America. The last subgroup, the Caninae, a sister group of Borophaginae, originated in the North American Oligocene, invaded the Old World in the Late Miocene via the Bering land bridge and arrived in South America after the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama in the Late Pliocene (Berta, ; Prevosti, ; Prevosti, Tonni, & Bidegain, ; Wang et al., , , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils

et al. 2018

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Phylogenetic relationships among 36 Recent and 42 extinct species of the Caninae (Canidae) were analysed, based on 360 morphological, developmental, ecological, behavioural and cytogenetic characters and 24 mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Primary phylogenetic analyses were accompanied by experimental analyses based on various combinations of data partitions and taxon samples. Leptocyon was recovered as a paraphyletic stem lineage of the Caninae; monophyly/paraphyly of the fox‐like canids (Vulpini) remains uncertain; Urocyon and Metalopex form a clade, possibly sister to all non‐Leptocyon canids; Otocyon, Nyctereutes and Nurocyon form a clade; dog‐like canids (Canini) are monophyletic (with South American Cerdocyonina and Afro‐Holarctic Canina); all South American hypercarnivores (Canis gezi, Protocyon, Speothos, Theriodictis) form a clade, close to Chrysocyon and Dusicyon; Canis arnensis, C. ferox, C. thooides, C. lepophagus and Eucyon spp. are basal to the Canina; Lycaon is an isolated African hypercarnivore; Cuon and its relatives (Xenocyon, possibly also Canis antonii, C. falconeri and Cynotherium) form a clade close to Canis s. str.; C. edwardii–C. etruscus–C. mosbachensis–C. palmidens–C. variabilis and hypercarnivorous Canis armbrusteri–C. dirus clades belong to Canis s. str. As the highly homoplastic morphological characters connected to dietary biology are the prominent characters available for the key fossil species, we conclude that macroevolutionary and palaeoecological analyses of the extinct and extant Caninae were to some extent compromised by the phylogenies used.

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“… References: Kurtén (); Berta (); Kurtén & Anderson (); Sotnikova (); Spassov & Rook (); Prevosti, Zurita, & Carlini (), Prevosti et al. (); Wang et al. (); Rook (); Tedford et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils

et al. 2018

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“…South-American canids represent a recent radiation due to their late Pliocene colonization from a restricted pool of North American taxa (Berta 1987 ; Prevosti 2010 ; Perini et al 2010 ; Wang et al 2008 ). Despite this, South America holds more than 10 living canid species, being the largest extant regional diversity found in the world (Prevosti et al 2009a ; Perini et al 2010 ; Sillero-Zubiri et al 2004 ). Its endemic taxa includes species with a broad diversity of body size and feeding ecology such as the large (average mass = 25 kg) omnivorous maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) and the small (mass ranging 5–8 kg) hypercarnivorous bush dog Speothos venaticus (Lund, 1842) (Sillero-Zubiri et al 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skulls of South-American wild dogs received reasonable attention to clarify patterns of growth and taxonomy (Segura and Prevosti 2012 ; Segura 2013 ), paleobiological and ecological adaptations (Prevosti et al 2005 ; Prevosti et al 2009a , b ), and more recently climatic impact (Machado and Hingst-Zaher 2009 ; Martinez et al 2013 ), but little is known about the impact of competition on their intra and interspecific variation. Wayne et al ( 1989 ) identified high degree of morphological divergence between South-American foxes in spite of their relatively short time of divergence (<250,000 years) and we might expect this to occur even strongly when larger taxa are included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecogeographical Variation in Skull Shape of South-American Canids: Abiotic or Biotic Processes?

et al. 2015

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Species morphological changes can be mutually influenced by environmental or biotic factors, such as competition. South American canids represent a quite recent radiation of taxa that evolved forms very disparate in phenotype, ecology and behaviour. Today, in the central part of South America there is one dominant large species (the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus) that directly influence sympatric smaller taxa via interspecific killing. Further south, three species of similar sized foxes (Lycalopex spp.) share the same habitats. Such unique combination of taxa and geographic distribution makes South American dogs an ideal group to test for the simultaneous impact of climate and competition on phenotypic variation. Using geometric morphometrics, we quantified skull size and shape of 431 specimens belonging to the eight extant South American canid species: Atelocynus microtis, Cerdocyon thous, Ch. brachyurus, Lycalopex culpaeus, L. griseus, L. gymnocercus, L. vetulus and Speothos venaticus. South American canids are significantly different in both skull size and shape. The hypercarnivorous bush dog is mostly distinct in shape from all the other taxa while a degree of overlap in shape—but not size—occurs between species of the genus Lycalopex. Both climate and competition impacts interspecific morphological variation. We identified climatic adaptations as the main driving force of diversification for the South American canids. Competition has a lower degree of impact on their skull morphology although it might have played a role in the past, when canid community was richer in morphotypes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11692-015-9362-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…La fauna de megamamíferos pleistocénicos está ampliamente representada en el Cuaternario de Argentina y de otros países de América del Sur, como en Bolivia, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, Perú y Venezuela (Prevosti et al, 2003;MacFadden, 2005;Scherer et al, 2007;Cartelle et al, 2009;Tonni et al, 2009b;Prevosti et al, 2009;Zurita et al, 2009b, entre otros).…”

Section: La Comisión Internacional De Estratigrafía (International Counclassified

La megafauna del Pleistoceno-Holoceno temprano de la provincia de Córdoba y su comparación con la de Buenos Aires

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La fauna de megamamíferos pleistocénicos está ampliamente representada en el Cuaternario de Argentina y de otros países de América del Sur (Bolivia, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, Perú, Venezuela). En la Argentina han sido estudiados en detalle aquellos provenientes del este de la Región Pampeana (provincia de Buenos Aires). Gran parte de esta fauna ha provisto la base bioestratigráfica sobre la que se sustenta el esquema cronológico para el Cenozoico superior continental de América del Sur. Sin embargo, la aplicación de este esquema en la provincia de Córdoba es aún incipiente. Si bien, en los últimos veinte años, se han publicado varios estudios geológicos y estratigráficos que brindan un marco regional adecuado para estudios bioestratigráficos del Cenozoico tardío, las contribuciones paleontológicas son en su mayoría hallazgos puntuales y análisis preliminares de asociaciones faunísticas. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento de la bioestratigrafía de la Argentina a través del estudio de los megamamíferos del Pleistoceno-Holoceno temprano del actual territorio de la provincia de Córdoba, compararlos con aquellos de la provincia de Buenos Aires y ubicarlos en un contexto cronoestratigráfico/geocronológico local. Para cumplir con dicho objetivo, se realizó una búsqueda y posterior selección de los materiales a estudiar, con procedencia estratigráfica y geográfica precisa; se seleccionaron materiales de antiguas colecciones (e.g. Museo Universitario Florentino y Carlos Ameghino [Rosario], Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” [Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires], Museo de La Plata) y colecciones de museos regionales de la provincia de Córdoba, en su mayoría inéditas (e.g. Museo Aníbal Montes, Archivo Gráfico y Museo Histórico de la ciudad de San Francisco, colección de paleontología de vertebrados de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto). Se estudiaron seis localidades: San Francisco, Miramar, Río Cuarto, Isla Verde, Valle de Traslasierra y Los Reartes. Se realizaron salidas de campo a todas las localidades mencionadas con el objeto de reconocer los estratos sedimentarios de donde provienen los materiales analizados, levantar los perfiles correspondientes y ubicar antiguas localidades con fósiles (materiales de colecciones antiguas). Se revisaron las colecciones paleontológicas con materiales Tipo y referidos con el objeto de comparar e identificar los materiales provenientes de la provincia de Córdoba. Para realizar el análisis bioestratigráfico se describieron y correlacionaron las facies sedimentarias, en conjunto con su fauna asociada, se establecieron primeros registros y se confirmaron presencias y asociaciones de taxones, que posteriormente se compararon con los establecidos para la provincia de Buenos Aires. De esta manera, fue posible establecer el valor de algunas especies como fósiles guía para el lapso Pleistoceno – Holoceno temprano del actual territorio de la provincia de Córdoba y compararlas con las propuestas para Buenos Aires.

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Stratigraphic range of the large canids (Carnivora, Canidae) in South America, and its relevance to quaternary biostratigraphy

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils

Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils

Ecogeographical Variation in Skull Shape of South-American Canids: Abiotic or Biotic Processes?

La megafauna del Pleistoceno-Holoceno temprano de la provincia de Córdoba y su comparación con la de Buenos Aires

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