Stratigraphic studies of East African lakes

Livingstone, D. A.; Kendall, Robert L.

doi:10.1080/05384680.1969.11903879

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We have identified a genetic signature of the late Pleistocene desiccation: population sizes of LVRS cichlids started to decline approximately 18,000 years ago (Table 2). Throughout the history of all of the 3 African Great Lakes, climatic or geological changes influenced lake in-or out-flow patterns and caused fluctuations in water levels (50)(51)(52)(53), including the partial, or complete, desiccation of Lake Victoria approximately 18,000-15,000 years ago (25,30,54). We have identified a bottleneck event that concurs with these expectations of paleoclimate change, geological evidence that Lake Victoria did not dry out completely in the late Pleistocene (42), and can explain the low mtDNA diversity and missing intermediate haplotypes of the LVRS (6) relative to the high polymorphism in nuclear markers (this study and ref.…”

Section: The Lvrs Is As Old As Other East African Cichlid Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleistocene desiccation in East Africa bottlenecked but did not extirpate the adaptive radiation of Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes

Elmer

Reggio²,

Wirth³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Great Lakes region of East Africa, including Lake Victoria, is the center of diversity of the mega-diverse cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei). Paleolimnological evidence indicates dramatic desiccation of this lake ca. 18,000 -15,000 years ago. Consequently, the hundreds of extant endemic haplochromine species in the lake must have either evolved since then or refugia must have existed, within that lake basin or elsewhere, from which Lake Victoria was recolonized. We studied the population history of the Lake Victoria region superflock (LVRS) of haplochromine cichlids based on nuclear genetic analysis (12 microsatellite loci from 400 haplochomines) of populations from Lake Kivu, Lake Victoria, and the connected and surrounding rivers and lakes. Population genetic analyses confirmed that Lake Kivu haplochromines colonized Lake Victoria. Coalescent analyses show a 30-to 50-fold decline in the haplochromine populations of Lake Victoria, Lake Kivu, and the region ca. 18,000 -15,000 years ago. We suggest that this coincides with drastic climatic and geological changes in the late Pleistocene. The most recent common ancestor of the Lake Victoria region haplochromines was estimated to have existed about 4.5 million years ago, which corresponds to the first radiation of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and the origin of the tribe Haplochrominii. This relatively old evolutionary origin may explain the high levels of polymorphism still found in modern haplochromines. This degree of polymorphism might have acted as a ''genetic reservoir'' that permitted the explosive radiation of hundreds of haplochromines and their array of contemporary adaptive morphologies.Bayesian statistics ͉ haplochromine cichlids ͉ Lake Victoria region superflock ͉ microsatellites ͉ population genetic structure

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Section: The Lvrs Is As Old As Other East African Cichlid Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleistocene desiccation in East Africa bottlenecked but did not extirpate the adaptive radiation of Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes

Elmer

Reggio²,

Wirth³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The main goal of these studies has been to elucidate changes in lake levels. These changes may be inferred from a plethora of evidence including the application of refuge theory to present distributions of aquatic species (for Lake Tanganyika see Livingstone 1965), high lake stands (for Lake Victoria see Temple 1964, and, and most commonly the study of lake sediments (Livingstone/Kendall 1969). 10 From this range of sources the paleolimnologist may deduce changes in the lake environment and climate.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating an Interdisciplinary Allergy: Methodological Approaches to Pollen Studies for the Historian of Early Africa

Schoenbrun¹

1991

Hist. Afr.

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The interdisciplinary task of reconstructing early African history demands more than a passing familiarity with many fields of knowledge. Not least among these is geography, in its broader conception as the pursuit of an understanding of physiographic processes and the role(s) played by people in shaping and responding to these processes. A standard beginning in many a history book takes the reader through annual rainfall figures, topographic generalities, and, perhaps a cursory pedological overview of the region in which the people(s) under study live. Rarely are these introductory remarks integrated into the historical narrative. We are too often left to ourselves in determining the relevance, for example, of a bi-modal rainfall to the local agriculture in a subregion of open grasslands and woody savanna ecotones on black clay valley bottoms. We trust these are data relevant to our understanding of the region's agriculturalists.Many readers may know that such an area will be subject to heavy soil waterlogging during the wetter months. They may also realize that mound and ridge construction are excellent responses to the risks of root-drowning such waterlogging poses to crops such as beans, and as well, that the indigenous African grain crops Sorghum spp. and Pennisetum spp. can withstand waterlogged soils for brief periods without suffering significant loss of yield (Purseglove 1972:269-71). What is likely to be poorly understood are the forces of ecological and cultural change that have been at work in such an environment transforming the very nature of its vegetational cover and soil profile. In short, a historical perspective is necessary so that we do not run the risk of presenting Africa's ecological background in the same unchanging light as colonial ethnographers did Africa's past.

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“…Pollen analysis has been used to develop information on past climates around the world (Faegri and Iverson, 1975;Livingstone and Kendall, 1969;Davis, 1965;Moore and Webb, 1978;Bernabo, 1982) including the USA (Deevey, 1939) and the Pacific Northwest (Hansen, 1947;Heusser, 1976;).…”

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confidence: 99%

The paleolimnology of Bull Run Lake: disruption and stability in a natural system

Raymond¹

2000

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Stratigraphic studies of East African lakes

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Pleistocene desiccation in East Africa bottlenecked but did not extirpate the adaptive radiation of Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes

Pleistocene desiccation in East Africa bottlenecked but did not extirpate the adaptive radiation of Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes

Treating an Interdisciplinary Allergy: Methodological Approaches to Pollen Studies for the Historian of Early Africa

The paleolimnology of Bull Run Lake: disruption and stability in a natural system

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