Stratigraphy, age, and correlation of voluminous debris‐avalanche events from an ancestral Egmont Volcano: Implications for coastal plain construction and regional hazard assessment

Alloway, Brent V.; McComb, Peter; Neall, Vincent E.; Vucetich, C. G.; Gibb, Jeremy; Sherburn, S.; Stirling, Mark

doi:10.1080/03014223.2005.9517782

Cited by 76 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The Paritutu-Sugar Loaf volcanoes were probably not connected to the proto-North Island, although they most likely formed emergent volcanic islands. Egmont volcano (Mount Taranaki) became active much more recently (by 130 ka, Alloway et al 2005a), although the upper cone is mostly younger than 7000 years old.…”

Section: Million Years Agomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of Mount Taranaki and deposits from older volcanoes (e.g. Pouakai, c. 0.25 Ma; Kaitake, c. 0.5 Ma) contributed much of the material forming the Taranaki Bight as well as armouring the Taranaki coastline against erosion (Alloway et al 2005a). Large-scale eruptions, particularly those from rhyolitic volcanoes such as Mangakino, Whakamaru, Taupo and Okataina, have probably impacted on biogeography.…”

Section: Taupo-tongariro Volcanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire and slice: palaeogeography for biogeography at New Zealand's North Island/South Island juncture

Trewick

Bland

2012

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

114

135

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A prominent feature of New Zealand biogeography is that species endemicity and diversity is not evenly distributed but shows an alternating pattern of latitudinal variation. Endemicity is generally highest in South Island and northern North Island and low in southern North Island. A prominent landscape feature that is partly correlated with this is Cook Strait, which separates the two main islands of New Zealand and marks the southern boundary of a region that interests biogeographers and geologists alike. This region encompasses a zone of intense tectonic strain related to the transfer of plate convergence via subduction into oblique-slip and strike-slip faulting. We review geological information and provide new palaeogeographic reconstructions of the area that depict changes in the distribution of mountains, the extent to which southern North Island was under the ocean, and the history of marine straits over the last 4 million years. This information is essential for the development of testable biogeographic hypotheses. We find that the Wellington region was formerly connected to the relatively mountainous Marlborough area, and more distant than today from the northern island of the time. Significant topography in the Kaimanawa Range is probably of Early Pliocene age. However, the Ruahine-Tararua ranges and Taranaki-Taupo volcanics have formed since c. 1 Ma. The implications for the biogeography of central New Zealand are considerable in terms of habitat availability for establishment of terrestrial species and opportunities for range shifting of both terrestrial and coastal organisms.

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Section: Million Years Agomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taupo-tongariro Volcanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire and slice: palaeogeography for biogeography at New Zealand's North Island/South Island juncture

Trewick

Bland

2012

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

114

135

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“…The last known eruptions include the Tahurangi eruption of AD1755 (Druce 1966) and emplacement of the summit dome, considered to have occurred around AD1800 (Platz 2007). The volcanic history has been characterised by alternating phases of edifice construction and collapse Alloway 1989;Alloway et al 2005;Zernack et al 2009), which accumulated a thick volcaniclastic apron around the present stratovolcanic cone. Modern Mt.…”

Section: Stratigraphy Of Mt Taranakimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Taranaki began more than 130,000 years ago as indicated by some of the earliest identified volcanic products (Motunui Formation) that closely underlie the c. 127 ka NT2/Rapanui wave-cut surface (Alloway et al 2005). The last known eruptions include the Tahurangi eruption of AD1755 (Druce 1966) and emplacement of the summit dome, considered to have occurred around AD1800 (Platz 2007).…”

Section: Stratigraphy Of Mt Taranakimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Taranaki mainly focused on the younger volcanic history. Deposit sequences that built up the modern edifice and younger landscapeshaping parts of the volcaniclastic apron surrounding the volcano have been the key to understanding the last c. 26,000 years of volcanic activity (Neall 1979;Neall et al 1986;Alloway et al 1995Alloway et al , 2005Procter 2009). Yet, little is known about the history prior to this, since older units are buried by tens to hundreds of metres of more recent volcaniclastic deposits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A medial to distal volcaniclastic record of an andesite stratovolcano: detailed stratigraphy of the ring-plain succession of south-west Taranaki, New Zealand

Zernack

Cronin

Neall

et al. 2010

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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A medial to distal volcaniclastic record of an andesite stratovolcano: detailed stratigraphy of the ring-plain succession of south-west Taranaki, New Zealand Abstract The[25 ka volcaniclastic ring-plain succession in south-west Taranaki has been remapped to establish a much more detailed understanding of the older stratigraphic record of Mt. Taranaki. Coastal cliff exposures show a range of volcaniclastic lithofacies, including debris-avalanche and lahar deposits, and allow a detailed chronological reconstruction of past volcanic and sedimentary events. Five new debris-avalanche deposits were identified, and their distribution in coastal cross-sections mapped. In addition, four previously described units were renamed and their stratigraphic position and lateral extent redefined. Chronostratigraphic control of the younger (\50 ka) sequence was obtained by radiocarbon dating of wood found within, or peat interbedded with, the deposits. Emplacement ages of the older units were estimated from their stratigraphic position and underlying marine wave-cut surfaces. Overall, at least 14 widespread debris-avalanche deposits occur within the \200 ka ring-plain record of Mt. Taranaki, suggesting one major edifice failure on average every 14,000 years, with an increase in frequency since 40 ka. The stratigraphic reconstruction of the ring-plain succession showed that the same pattern of deposition was repeatedly produced throughout the existence of Mt. Taranaki. Depending on their sedimentological characteristics, the different volcanic and sedimentary lithofacies can be related to phases of edifice-construction or collapse events. Based on the identified cyclic sedimentation pattern, we present a new episodic stratigraphy that integrates existing and new lithostratigraphic units into a coherent chronostratigraphic framework that can be applied to the entire volcanic and volcaniclastic succession at Mt. Taranaki. This model takes into account the complex geological processes that have taken place on the volcano and provides a more uniform stratigraphic terminology that could be applied to repeatedly collapsing stratovolcanoes elsewhere.

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Interactions between distal epiclastic and bio‐chemogenic sedimentation at the foothills of a mafic alkaline volcano: The case of the Oligocene Doupovské Hory Volcanic Complex (Czech Republic)

Rapprich

Čáp

Kochergina

et al. 2023

The Depositional Record

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Late Oligocene (ca 25 Ma) volcano‐sedimentary successions exposed on the western periphery of the Doupovské Hory Volcanic Complex reveal a complex sedimentation history influenced in various ways by decay of the alkali basalt volcanic edifice. Weathering of the volcanic rocks supplied abundant reactants that promoted carbonate precipitation in the peripheral palaeolakes—as evidenced by strongly non‐radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values (0.7038–0.7041). On the other hand, the sediments of the initial shallow lake became deformed by the bulldozing effect of a debris avalanche. The debris flow and avalanche deposits filled up the original depression, modified the basin morphology and shifted the peripheral lacustrine setting further away from the volcano. At this stage, surface water influx from the surrounding granites conferred a more radiogenic character (87Sr/86Sr values 0.7046–0.7049) to the calcrete deposits. Fossil assemblages as well as limestone textures suggest significant seasonal water‐level fluctuations, possibly reflecting the alternating rainy and dry‐seasons of a prevalently humid Central‐European Late Oligocene climate. The seasonal drying out of the ponds resulted in significant 18O enrichments. Although the ca 0‰ δ13C values might suggest mixing of atmospheric and volcanic CO2 during carbonate precipitation, no active volcanic conduits of relevant age are known in the close vicinity. The lower δ13C values are likely a result of mantle degassing through rift faults, a phenomenon observed in the magmatically extinct Ohře Rift until present. This paper demonstrates that limestones derived from weathered alkaline basalts are characterised by highly non‐radiogenic Sr isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr ca 0.704), suggesting a magmatic origin for the Ca within these carbonates. Contrary to the notion of carbonatites being present when highly non‐radiogenic Sr isotopes are found, these results show that Sr isotopes in carbonates formed in alkali basalt‐sourced environments only reveal the source of the Sr (and Ca) ions, not necessarily the presence of carbonatite.

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Stratigraphy, age, and correlation of voluminous debris‐avalanche events from an ancestral Egmont Volcano: Implications for coastal plain construction and regional hazard assessment

Cited by 76 publications

References 36 publications

Fire and slice: palaeogeography for biogeography at New Zealand's North Island/South Island juncture

Fire and slice: palaeogeography for biogeography at New Zealand's North Island/South Island juncture

A medial to distal volcaniclastic record of an andesite stratovolcano: detailed stratigraphy of the ring-plain succession of south-west Taranaki, New Zealand

Interactions between distal epiclastic and bio‐chemogenic sedimentation at the foothills of a mafic alkaline volcano: The case of the Oligocene Doupovské Hory Volcanic Complex (Czech Republic)

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