Stratigraphy of the Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan areas, Pakistan

Abstract

This program would not have been possible without the excellent support of all agencies involved, both in Pakistan and the United States. The geological information and institutional growth obtained through this program should contribute significantly toward orderly economic and scientific development in one of Asia's largest and newest nations.

Stratigraphy and coal resources of the Makarwal area, Trans-Indus Mountains, Mianwali District, Pakistan

“…In accord with Hemphill and Kidwai (1974), the Mitha Khatak Formation may be ageequivalent to the Chitarwata Formaton of Miocene age that is extensively exposed along the Sulaiman Range. The "Sub-Himalayan System" of Medlicott (1964, p. 10) was formalized to Sub-Himalayan Supergroup by the Stratigraphic Commission of Pakistan (written commun., 1968) but restricted in the sense of Anderson's (1927, p. 673) "Nimadric System" to the "continental deposits of the region which, as a whole, exhibit a contrast with the dominantiy marine succession below and were, together as the youngest unit, involved in the last major tectonic stage of the Himalayan orogeny.…”

“…In the Marwat and Bhittani Ranges, Morris (1938) named the rocks of the Siwalik Group, in ascending order: Karghocha, Marwat, Sheri Ghasha, and Malagan Formations; he found the Karghocha, Marwat, and Sheri Ghasha to be younger than, but comparable lithologically (homotaxial) to, the Chinji, Nagri, and Dhok Pathan of the Potwar Plateau. Hemphill and Kidwai (1974) regard the names Karghocha, Marwat, and Sheri Ghasha to be synonyms of Chinji, Nagri, and Dhok Pathan. This follows the usage applied to homotaxial units that is recommended in Article 2, Remarks (a) of the code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature (American Commission, 1961, p. 649).…”

Manganese and ferromanganese ores from different tectonic settings in the NW Himalayas, Pakistan

“…This resulted in the development of thrust faults and other geological changes along the northern margin of the Indo-Pakistan Plate (Calkins et al, 1975;Gee, 1989;Hemphill and Kidwai, 1973;Hussain et al, 1989;Pogue et al, 1992;Pinvik and Sercombe, 1993;Meissner et al, 1974). The major thrust faults from north to south are the main mantle thrust (MMT), the Khairabad-Panjal Thrust (KPT), the main boundary thrust (MBT) and the Salt Range Thrust (SRT) (Fig.…”

Bartonian orthophragminids with new endemic species from the Pirkoh and Drazinda formations in the Sulaiman Range, Indus Basin, Pakistan

“…This is in contrast to the diverse orthophragminid assemblages from coeval deposits in the peri-Mediterranean region (Western Tethys), where more than fifteen species are known in the Bartonian (Ben İsmail-Lattrache et al, 2014; were collectively named as 'Kirthar' by Blanford (1879) (Figure 3). The historical development of the lithostratigraphic names applied to these units is given in Hemphill and Kidwai (1973), Kazmi and Abbasi (2008) and Shah (2009). The Domanda Formation corresponds to the Lower Chocolate beds of Eames (1952a) and consists of dark-brown and greenish-gray mudstone with subordinate brown sandstone intercalations consisting of limonitic concretions and phosphatic nodules.…”

“…This unit, about 10-12 meters thick, consists of mainly nummulitids, orthophragminids, and scarce alveolinids and forms a persistent ridge in Sulaiman Range (Figure 4). The term 'Drazinda Shale Member' of the Kirthar Formation was introduced by Hemphill and Kidwai (1973) to replace the 'Upper Chocolate Clays' of Eames (1952a), who first established a robust Eocene lithostratigraphic framework for the Sulaiman fold belt. The Drazinda Formation, more than 380 and 300 m thick in Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir respectively, consists of dark-brown to greenish-gray shale and subordinate marl and limestone beds containing LBF, bivalves, bryozoans and echinoids in its lower and middle, and pale yellowish-green Pellatispirabearing marls in the upper part.…”