Stratigraphy of the tectonically imbricated lithological succession of the Neves Corvo mine area, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

Oliveira, José Tomás; Pereira, Zélia; Carvalho, Pedro C.; Pacheco, Nelson; Korn, Dieter

doi:10.1007/s00126-004-0415-2

Cited by 67 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The massive sulphide ore deposits and related hydrothermal systems, when present, usually occur at the top of felsic volcanic rocks in close association with black shales and may have a relatively thin layer of jasper/carbonates commonly at the top (Leca et al 1983;Barriga and Kerrich 1984;Carvalho et al 1999). Most of the black mudstones that enclose the massive sulphide ores are of late Strunian age (e.g., Neves Corvo, Lousal, Caveira, Montinho, Aznalcóllar and Tharsis) based on their palynomorph assemblages (Pereira et al 1996(Pereira et al , 2012bGonzález et al 2002;Oliveira et al 2004;Matos et al 2011).…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This level occurs throughout the IPB at the same stratigraphic position, which is an excellent marker for lateral correlation and mapping purposes. Palynostratigraphic data allowed dating the VSC at late Famennian to mid late Visean (Oliveira et al 2004(Oliveira et al , 2005Pereira et al 2007). Several chronostratigraphic gaps were identified in the Portuguese part of the IPB succession, the most important being the absence of Tournaisian sedimentary rocks, e.g.…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several chronostratigraphic gaps were identified in the Portuguese part of the IPB succession, the most important being the absence of Tournaisian sedimentary rocks, e.g. in the Neves-Corvo area (Oliveira et al 2004). The occurrence of marine fossils (mainly prasinophytes algae and conodonts of early late Visean age) in the VSC indicates that it formed in a submarine setting.…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IPB is interpreted to correspond to basins generated by the oblique collision of the South Portuguese Zone and the autochthonous Iberian terranes (north Gondwana), during the DevonianCarboniferous (Silva et al 1990;Quesada 1991;Oliveira et al 2004;Tornos et al 2005). This transtensive tectonic regime triggered volcanism that formed the felsic and mafic volcanic rocks that occur in the IPB, and the geothermal gradients that permitted the hydrothermal activity responsible for the IPB massive sulphide deposits.…”

Section: Structural and Tectonic Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Inverno

Montes

Rosa

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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The 250 × 20-70 km Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) is a Variscan metallogenic province in SW Portugal and Spain hosting the largest concentration of massive sulphide deposits worldwide. The lowermost stratigraphic unit is the early Givetian to late Famennian-Strunian (base unknown) PhylliteQuartzite Group (PQG), with shales, quartz-sandstones, quartzwacke siltstones, minor conglomerate and limestones at the top. The PQG is overlain by the Volcanic Sedimentary Complex (VSC), of late Famennian to mid-late Visean age, with a lower part of mafic volcanic rocks, rhyolites, dacites and dark shales, hosting VHMS deposits on top (many times capped by a jasper/chert layer), and an upper part, with dark, purple and other shales and volcanogenic/volcaniclastic rocks, carrying Mn oxide deposits. The VSC is covered by the thousands of meters thick Baixo Alentejo Flysch Group of late Visean to Moscovian age. The VSC

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Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural and Tectonic Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Inverno

Montes

Rosa

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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“…The greywacke beds show the typical sedimentary structures that are common in deep water gravity clastic sedimentation (turbidites s. l.). The thickness given by exposed sections and drill cores is variable, depending on the tectonic blocks, and may reach 1500 m. Fossils of Posidonia becheri, ammonoids and palynomorphs indicate a late Visean age (Oliveira 1983;Korn 1997;Oliveira et al 2004). This unit outcrops in about 70 % of the project area and the investigation of the sector situated between the Neves Corvo mine and the Portuguese/Spanish border is one of the main goals in the present project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of the Neves Corvo Area

Inverno

Rosa

Matos

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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Abstract3D, 4D and predictive geological modelling, including all known geoscientific data, were applied to the 100 × 25 km large Neves Corvo project area located in the Portuguese part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. The lowermost unit in the area is the Givetian to Famennian-Strunian PhylliteQuartzite Group (PQG), which is overlain by three SE-plunging volcanic axes with the Strunian to Visean Volcanic Sedimentary Complex (VSC), hosting in its lower sequence the Neves Corvo VHMS giant deposit. The VSC is covered with mid late Visean and Serpukhovian to Bashkirian flysch rocks [Mértola and Mira formations of the Baixo Alentejo Flysch Group (BAFG), respectively]. Six NE-SW deep 2D reflection seismic profiles acquired by LNEG between Neves Corvo mine and the Spanish border (60 km to the SE) during the ProMine project, allowed to extend a 3D-model of the Neves Corvo main thrust (that brings VSC rocks onto Mértola Fm. very close to VHMS ores) throughout the eastern part of the area. NE-SW to ENE-WSW (sinistral) and N-S to NNW-SSE (dextral) late Variscan strike-slip oblique faults (a few >5 km deep) displaced all former geological units and structures, as shown by the 3D models. In late Variscan time, small vein-type Cu (and other metals) deposits were emplaced along them.

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Productivity Contribution of Paleozoic Woodlands to the Formation of Shale‐Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Tharsis, Spain)

et al. 2018

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The geological materials produced during catastrophic and destructive events are an essential source of paleobiological knowledge. The paleobiological information recorded by such events can be rich in information on the size, diversity, and structure of paleocommunities. In this regard, the geobiological study of late Devonian organic matter sampled in Tharsis (Iberian Pyrite Belt) provided some new insights into a Paleozoic woodland community, which was recorded as massive sulfides and black shale deposits affected by a catastrophic event. Sample analysis using TOF‐SIMS (Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer), and complemented by GC/MS (Gas Chromatrograph/Mass Spectrometer) identified organic compounds showing a very distinct distribution in the rock. While phytochemical compounds occur homogeneously in the sample matrix that is composed of black shale, the microbial‐derived organics are more abundant in the sulfide nodules. The cooccurrence of sulfur bacteria compounds and the overwhelming presence of phytochemicals provide support for the hypothesis that the formation of the massive sulfides resulted from a high rate of vegetal debris production and its oxidation through sulfate reduction under suboxic to anoxic conditions. A continuous supply of iron from hydrothermal activity coupled with microbial activity was strictly necessary to produce this massive orebody. A rough estimate of the woodland biomass was made possible by accounting for the microbial sulfur production activity recorded in the metallic sulfide. As a result, the biomass size of the late Devonian woodland community was comparable to modern woodlands like the Amazon or Congo rainforests.

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Stratigraphy of the tectonically imbricated lithological succession of the Neves Corvo mine area, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

Cited by 67 publications

References 28 publications

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Modelling of the Neves Corvo Area

Productivity Contribution of Paleozoic Woodlands to the Formation of Shale‐Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Tharsis, Spain)

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