Stratospheric aerosol effective radius, surface area and volume estimated from infrared measurements

Grainger, Roy G.; Lambert, A.; Rodgers, C. D.; Taylor, F. W.; Deshler, Terry

doi:10.1029/95jd00988

Cited by 86 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In S1, equilibrium values of the aerosol surface area density (SAD) of (20.7 µm 2 cm −3 ) and of the size distributions effective radius (R eff ) of 0.35 µm (Figure 1(b)) are in the order of values observed in the northern hemisphere mid-latitudes in the stratosphere during the first year after the Mt Pinatubo eruption (Grainger et al, 1995;Bauman et al, 2003) but are approximately only half the size of observed values in the tropical stratosphere (SPARC, 2006). Clear but rather weak oscillations in the evolution of R eff in scenario 1 provide an indication that the aerosol population is balanced not until year 3 of integration.…”

Section: Aerosol Growthmentioning

confidence: 92%

Modelling the size distribution of geoengineered stratospheric aerosols

Hommel

Graf

2010

Atmospheric Science Letters

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Section: Aerosol Growthmentioning

confidence: 92%

Modelling the size distribution of geoengineered stratospheric aerosols

Hommel

Graf

2010

Atmospheric Science Letters

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“…Grainger et al, 1995). Although negatively biased to the SAGE II climatologies of Bauman et al (2003a, b) and Wurl et al (2010) as well as in situ observations of the balloonborne optical particle counter of the University Of Wyoming (Deshler et al, 2003), in the control experiment without a QBO, the model-predicted R eff lies within the uncertainty range of the measurements (HOM11).…”

Section: Effective Radiusmentioning

confidence: 94%

Quasi-biennial oscillation of the tropical stratospheric aerosol layer

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This study describes how aerosol in an aerosolcoupled climate model of the middle atmosphere is influenced by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during times when the stratosphere is largely unperturbed by volcanic material. In accordance with satellite observations, the vertical extent of the stratospheric aerosol layer in the tropics is modulated by the QBO by up to 6 km, or ∼ 35 % of its mean vertical extent between 100-7 hPa (about 16-33 km). Its largest vertical extent lags behind the occurrence of strongest QBO westerlies. The largest reduction lags behind maximum QBO easterlies. Strongest QBO signals in the aerosol surface area (30 %) and number densities (up to 100 % e.g. in the Aitken mode) are found in regions where aerosol evaporates, that is above the 10 hPa pressure level (∼ 31 km). Positive modulations are found in the QBO easterly shear, negative modulations in the westerly shear. Below 10 hPa, in regions where the aerosol mixing ratio is largest (50-20 hPa, or ∼ 20-26 km), in most of the analysed parameters only moderate statistically significant QBO signatures (< 10 %) have been found.QBO signatures in the model prognostic aerosol mixing ratio are significant at the 95 % confidence level throughout the tropical stratosphere where modelled mixing ratios exceed 0.1 ppbm. In some regions of the tropical lower stratosphere the QBO signatures in other analysed parameters are partly not statistically significant. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of the QBO signature in the prognostic mixing ratios are up to twice as large as seasonal variations in the region where aerosols evaporate and between 70-30 hPa. Between the tropical tropopause and 70 hPa the QBO signature is relatively weak and seasonal variations dominate the variability of the simulated Junge layer. QBO effects on the upper lid of the tropical aerosol layer turn the quasi-static balance between processes maintaining the layer's vertical extent into a cyclic balance when considering this dominant mode of atmospheric variability. Global aerosol-interactive models without a QBO are only able to simulate the quasistatic balance state. To assess the global impact of stratospheric aerosols on climate processes, those partly nonlinear relationships between the QBO and stratospheric aerosols have to be taken into account.

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“…The explicitly calculated effective radius (ULAQ-CCM) or indirectly derived 15 using the Grainger et al (1995) method (GEOS-Chem) are both consistent with the SAGE-II derived estimates approximately one year after the Pinatubo eruption, with comparable integrated stratospheric sulfate mass (Pitari et al (2014); Visioni et al (2017b)). The breakdown of global SO x deposition fluxes, among SO 2 , SO 4 dry and wet deposition terms, is summarized in Table 4 for the two models, and a comparison is made with multimodel data presented in Lamarque et al (2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 49%

Quantification of sulfur deposition changes under sulfate geoengineering conditions

Visioni¹,

Pitari²,

Tuccella³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract.Sustained injection of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the tropical lower stratosphere has been proposed as a climate engineering technique with the purpose of temporarily mitigating the surface warming predicted for the coming decades. Among several possible environmental side effects, the increase of sulfur deposition at the ground surface still needs to be thoroughly investigated. In this study we present results from a composition-climate coupled model (ULAQ-CCM) and a chemistry-transport 5 model (GEOS-Chem), assuming a sustained lower stratospheric equatorial injection of 8 Tg-SO 2 /yr. Total S-deposition is found to globally increase by 5.2% when sulfate geoengineering is deployed, with a clear interhemispheric asymmetry (3.8% and 10.3% in NH and SH, respectively). The latter is mostly due to the combination of a quasi-homogeneous tropospheric influx of sulfate from the stratosphere, and the highly inhomogeneous amount of anthropogenic sulfur emissions in the boundary layer (mostly located in the Northern Hemisphere). The two models show good consistency in their sulfur species behavior under 10 background and geoengineering conditions, not only for global and hemispheric budgets but also for regional S-deposition values (except over Arctic and Africa). The consistency between models is not limited to time averaged values, but it extends to monthly and inter-annual deposition changes. The latter is driven essentially by the variability of stratospheric large-scale transport associated to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). According to model-mean values, geoengineering S-deposition percent changes on polar regions range between 7.7±0.7% over Antarctica and 8.5±1.3% over the Arctic, where the uncer-15 tainty reflects the model-averaged interannual variability. Similar S-deposition changes are found over quasi-clean continental regions of the Southern Hemisphere, and smaller values are calculated over polluted continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere (2÷4%). The largest difference between the two models is found over Africa and the Arctic (11% and 2%, respectively, for GEOS-Chem, against 2% and 15%, respectively, for ULAQ-CCM).

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Stratospheric aerosol effective radius, surface area and volume estimated from infrared measurements

Cited by 86 publications

References 42 publications

Modelling the size distribution of geoengineered stratospheric aerosols

Modelling the size distribution of geoengineered stratospheric aerosols

Quasi-biennial oscillation of the tropical stratospheric aerosol layer

Quantification of sulfur deposition changes under sulfate geoengineering conditions

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