Stratospheric aerosol inferred from electrical conductivity during a volcanically quiescent period

Kondo, Yutaka; Reiter, R.; Jäger, H.; Takagi, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00879422

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The values of q used in the calculation are given in Table 2. The value for the effective ion-aerosol attachment coefficient /3 for Aitken aerosols is estimated by Kondo et al [1982] and Makino and Ogawa [1984] to be 5 x 10 -6 cm 3 s-1. The values of c• used in the calculation are the same as those given earlier, although they may vary slightly with increasing aerosol concentrations.…”

Section: Cosmic Ray Ionization the Ion-pair Production Rate Q In Thesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Aerosols. It has been shown that the presence of atmospheric aerosols may significantly reduce the conductivity (or small-ion concentration) through the process of ionaerosol attachment [Hake et al, 1973;Kondo et al, 1982;Rosen et al, 1985;Gringel et al, 1986]. In order to determine the extent to which aerosols can a. ccount for the discrepancy between the observed latitudinal distribution of conductivity and that predicted from cosInic ray ionization alone, we have estimated a global distribution of aerosols.…”

Section: Cosmic Ray Ionization the Ion-pair Production Rate Q In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aerosol layer near 19 km that was apparent on July $ was not observed on July 22. This is consistent with Kondo et al [1982], who observed that the meteorological conditions that support the existence of aerosol layers do not appear to continue for more than a few days. We also note from Figures 1 and 2 5.…”

Section: Cosmic Ray Ionization the Ion-pair Production Rate Q In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of the stratospheric conductivity and its variation at three latitudes

Byrne¹,

Benbrook²,

Bering³

et al. 1988

J. Geophys. Res.

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Measurements of the atmospheric conductivity from nine high‐altitude balloon flights are presented. The measurements were obtained between the altitudes of 10 and 30 km at three locations widely separated in latitude, providing the opportunity to investigate conductivity variations on local and global scales. The data contribute to the set of global conductivity measurements, which are generally lacking. The conductivity profiles exhibit a considerable variability from day to day which does not correlate with solar or cosmic ray activity. The variations are apparently dominated by local effects. The conductivity measurements provide evidence of stratospheric aerosol layers with number densities of the order of 1000 cm−3. The observed variation of the conductivity with latitude is much larger than that predicted by a latitudinal variation of cosmic ray ionization alone. A global background distribution of aerosols is estimated and parameterized. By including the effects of aerosols and latitudinal temperature variations, the agreement between the predicted variation of conductivity with latitude and the observed variation is significantly improved. The implication is that present global models of the conductivity, which employ latitudinal variations based on cosmic ray ionization alone, may be improved by including the effects of latitudinal variations of temperature and aerosols. The effects of photoelectric emissions on relaxation time conductivity measurements are discussed.

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Section: Cosmic Ray Ionization the Ion-pair Production Rate Q In Thesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cosmic Ray Ionization the Ion-pair Production Rate Q In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cosmic Ray Ionization the Ion-pair Production Rate Q In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of the stratospheric conductivity and its variation at three latitudes

Byrne¹,

Benbrook²,

Bering³

et al. 1988

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Changes in conductivity due to aerosol layers in the stratosphere have been observed by Kondo et al (1982a;1982b); Rosen et al (1985); and Byrne et al (1988) mainly from balloon platforms. Gringel and Muhleisen (1978) measured the number concentration of small particles and conductivity simultaneously from a balloon platform, in which conductivity was found to decrease by ≈11% in a layer in which the particle number concentration was 2000cm -3 above the background value.…”

Section: Aerosol Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gringel and Muhleisen (1978) measured the number concentration of small particles and conductivity simultaneously from a balloon platform, in which conductivity was found to decrease by ≈11% in a layer in which the particle number concentration was 2000cm -3 above the background value. This allowed derivation of a parameterization for aerosol particle concentration using only measurements of conductivity, which has been used by several investigators including Kondo et al (1982a), who also measured conductivity from a balloon platform, from Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, during the early 1980s. Flights were made before and after the eruption of Mt St Helens on 18 th May 1980 (Kondo et al 1982b).…”

Section: Aerosol Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Atmospheric Electricity Aloft

Nicoll

2012

Surv Geophys

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Measurements of the electrical characteristics of the atmosphere above the surface have been made for over 200 years, from a variety of different platforms, including kites, balloons, rockets and aircraft. From these measurements, a great deal of information about the electrical characteristics of the atmosphere has been gained, assisting our understanding of the global atmospheric electric circuit, thunderstorm electrification and lightning generation mechanisms, discovery of transient luminous events above thunderstorms, and many other electrical phenomena. This paper surveys the history of atmospheric electrical measurements aloft, from the earliest manned balloon ascents to current day observations with free balloons and aircraft. Measurements of atmospheric electrical parameters in a range of meteorological conditions are described, including clear air conditions, polluted conditions, non-thunderstorm clouds, and thunderstorm clouds, spanning a range of atmospheric conditions, from fair weather, to the most electrically active.2

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