Stratospheric Chemistry

Rodríguez, José M.

doi:10.1016/b978-008043751-4/00252-2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) is defined as "the integrated change in total ozone per unit mass emission of a specific ozone-depleting substance relative to the integrated change in total ozone per unit mass emission of CFC-11". It is the ratio of the global loss of ozone due to a given substance and the global loss of ozone due to CFC-11 of the same mass [20]. The ODP of CFC-11 gas has been accepted as 1 and used as a reference value for all gasses to be assessed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Gasses in Fire Suppression Systems to Promote Changes in Industrial Towards Global Sustainability

Shukor

Jamian

Ali

et al. 2021

MSF

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The historical development of fire suppression technology evolved in the 1930s since the application of Halons as a fire extinguishing agent. The fire may cause tremendous losses to organizations. It affects the chain of businesses and the stability of the economic growth of a country. The key issues of greenhouse effects and safety and health as well contributes to the sudden change of the technology of fire extinguishing systems. The establishment of the Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocols controls the producers to develop, supply and use of environmentally hazardous gasses worldwide. Hence, promote global sustainable for upcoming generations. This paper is highlighting the reasons gas type fire extinguishing agents extensively used substituting conventional methods against fire. The fundamental equations of Ozone Depleting Potential and Global Warming Potential were properly discussed to show how severe these gasses exposed to the environment. The effectiveness of these gases as a clean agent in extinguishing the fire may convince prospect users to carry out the decision of changes. Potential extinguishing agents will be deliberated to investigate their needs as new fire suppression agents. It will be then to be suggested and recommended for further studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Gasses in Fire Suppression Systems to Promote Changes in Industrial Towards Global Sustainability

Shukor

Jamian

Ali

et al. 2021

MSF

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“…It includes the point source of the emissions, its behaviour and the potential to spread in the environment [17]. ODP refers to the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and nitrogen oxides, which lead to the depletion of the ozone layer and thus to an increased amount of short-wave UV radiation, which harms animal and vegetational health [17,20]. Ozone at the ground level and in the troposphere, however, can harm the ecosystems and be toxic to humans.…”

Section: Terminology In Sustainability Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Energy and Cost Assessments of a Concentrating Photovoltaic Module

et al. 2021

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This paper focuses on the embodied energy and cost assessments of a static concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) module in comparison to the flat photovoltaic (PV) module. The CPV module employs a specific concentrator design from the Genetically Optimised Circular Rotational Square Hyperboloid (GOCRSH) concentrators, labelled as GOCRSH_A. Firstly, it discussed previous research on life cycle analyses for PV and CPV modules. Next, it compared the energy embodied in the materials of the GOCRSH_A module to the energy embodied in the materials of a flat PV module of the same electrical output. Lastly, a comparison in terms of cost is presented between the analysed GOCRSH_A module and the flat PV module. It was found that the GOCRSH_A module showed a reduction in embodied energy of 17% which indicates a reduction in embodied carbon. In terms of cost, the costs for the GOCRSH_A module were calculated to be 1.71 times higher than the flat PV module of the same electrical output. It is concluded that a trade-off is required between the embodied energy and cost impacts in order to bring this CPV technology into the market.

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Introductory Chapter: Ozone in the Nature and Practice

Derco¹,

Urminská²,

Vrabeľ³

2018

Ozone in Nature and Practice

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Ozone (O 3) is a tri-atomic form of oxygen, that is, three atoms of oxygen bonded together. It is an unstable gas with distinctive sharp odor. Under normal conditions, ozone is unstable and rapidly decomposes to a more stable gaseous form of molecular oxygen, O 2. Behavior of ozone shows more "faces" according to the circumstances. The ozone layer protects the Earth from damaging ultraviolet (UV) light; therefore, it is an inevitable compound to save life on Earth. Its applications also present benefits for human welfare. Thanks to its strong oxidizing properties as well as bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal effects, it is widely used for water disinfection, wastewater treatment, in various industrial fields, for example, in the pulp and paper industry and the textile industry and progressively for medical purposes as well. Unfortunately, there are also circumstances, mainly due to the activities of humans, when ozone behaves contrary to the mentioned benefits, with negative and harmful influence on human health, and life in nature, as well as to material environment [1]. While stratospheric ozone protects biological life on Earth, ozone in the troposphere is toxic to human health, plants, and trees and it also damages various materials [2]. One may have noticed a smell in the air after thunders and lightning bolts. The pure odor was most likely to the actual ozone formed by flashing atmospheres. Because ozone is unstable and cannot be stored successfully, it must be generated at the application site. To produce ozone sufficiently in the water, wastewater, and sewage treatment plant, ozone generators are used. The simplest method can be ozone generated by the passage of oxygen or oxygencontaining air through the area of electric discharge or spark. Ozone is a subject of interest and research for a number of reasons. This chapter will deal briefly with related aspects of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone as well as with utilization of ozone in practice.

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Stratospheric Chemistry

Cited by 3 publications

References 129 publications

The Evolution of Gasses in Fire Suppression Systems to Promote Changes in Industrial Towards Global Sustainability

The Evolution of Gasses in Fire Suppression Systems to Promote Changes in Industrial Towards Global Sustainability

Embodied Energy and Cost Assessments of a Concentrating Photovoltaic Module

Introductory Chapter: Ozone in the Nature and Practice

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