Stratospheric clouds and ozone depletion in the Arctic during January 1989

Hofmann, D. J.; Deshler, Terry; Aimedieu, Patrick; Matthews, W. A.; Johnston, P. V.; Kondo, Yasuyuki; Sheldon, W. R.; Byrne, Gregory; Benbrook, J. R.

doi:10.1038/340117a0

Cited by 72 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Various research groups operated during the winter 1988/89 in the Arctic region to gather further support for this theory. On every day between 21 January and 2 February 1989 on which observations were possible, Hofmann et al (1989), in fact, found nacreous clouds over Kiruna (northern Sweden). Balloon soundings on 23 January showed high particle concentrations between 20 and 24 km altitude at temperatures as low as -86.7 °C.…”

Section: Conditions In the Stratosphere During January/february 1989mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely low temperatures in the stratosphore and very low total ozone amount above northern and central Europe during winter 1989

Wege

1991

J Atmos Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On 1 February 1989, -83.5 °C was recorded in 27.8 hPa over Hohenpeil3enberg, the lowest temperature in the 22-year series. This was measured together with a very low total ozone amount of 266 DU. This may be compared with nearly twice this amount on 27 February 1989. The situation was very unusual: following an extremely cold winter in the Arctic stratosphere, the stratospheric cold pole was located over southern Scandinavia on 1 February in a very southerly position. The analyzed temperatures of -92 °C in 30 hPa were also unusual. Even though the low ozone amounts over Hohenpeil3enberg were probably dynamically caused, an additional very small ozone decrease due to heterogeneous reactions in altitudes from 23-28 km, where the temperatures lie below -80 *C, cannot be ruled out. Extinction measurements by the orbitting SAGE 11 instrument indeed show polar stratospheric clouds over Europe near 50* N during the period 31 January-2 February. Also, polar stratospheric clouds were previously observed over Kiruna at similarly low temperatures and signs of a corresponding small ozone decrease were noted there.

show abstract

Section: Conditions In the Stratosphere During January/february 1989mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely low temperatures in the stratosphore and very low total ozone amount above northern and central Europe during winter 1989

Wege

1991

J Atmos Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hofmann et al, 1989;Prott et al, 1990Prott et al, , 1993Hofmann and Deshler, 1991;Koike et al, 1991;KyroÈ et al, 1992;Browell et al, 1993;von der Gathen et al, 1995;Rex et al, 1998a), albeit to a lesser extent than over Antarctica. More recent observations that also included satellite data (Larsen et al, 1994;Manney et al, 1994aManney et al, , 1996aDonovan et al, 1995;Bojkov et al, 1995;Wirth and Renger, 1996;Goutail et al, 1998a;Rex et al, 1998b) have indicated particularly strong chemical ozone loss in the Arctic vortex for early 1993 and 1995. Chemical ozone change in the Arctic is dicult to quantify, since dynamical processes cause substantial ozone variations (see e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic vortex in the winter 1995-96: HALOE measurements in conjunction with other observations

Müller¹,

Grooß²,

McKenna³

et al. 1999

Ann. Geophys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Severe chemical ozone loss has been detected in the Arctic in the winter and spring of 1995±96 by a variety of methods. Extreme reductions in column ozone due to halogen catalysed chemistry were derived from measurements of the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite in the Arctic vortex. Here, we discuss further aspects of the HALOE observations in the Arctic over this period. Potential problems, both in the data themselves and in the methodology of the data analysis are considered and the reason for the dierences between the Arctic ozone losses deduced from HALOE data version 17 and 18 is analysed. Moreover, it is shown that HALOE measurements in the Arctic in winter and spring 1995±96 compare well with observations by other ground-based and satellite instruments.

show abstract

“…In the Arctic winter vortex, temperatures low enough to allow for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds are reached less frequently than in the Antarctic, and the PSC areas cover smaller regions; PSCs were nevertheless also observed there (e.g., Hofmann et al, 1989). Heterogeneous chemistry was also found to take place in the Arctic winter.…”

Section: The Arcticmentioning

confidence: 78%

Chlorine in the stratosphere

Clarmann¹

2013

Atmósfera

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Este artículo reseña varios aspectos de los compuestos clorados presentes en la estratosfera, que incluyen tanto su papel como agentes químicos como su función de trazadores de los procesos dinámicos. En la estratosfera, el cloro reactivo se libera a partir de los clorofluorocarbonos y otros gases orgánicos que contienen cloro. La mayor parte del cloro reactivo se convierte en compuestos inertes que almacenan cloro, como ClONO 2 y HCl. La reactivación del cloro estratosférico ocurre principalmente por reacciones heterogéneas en vórtices polares invernales, en combinación con la luz solar. Los ciclos catalíticos de Cl, ClO, BrO, Cl 2 O 2 , ClO 2 y otros compuestos como NO, NO 2 , OH y HO 2 destruyen el oxígeno impar (ozono y oxígeno atómico) de la atmósfera. El ciclo del dímero de ClO es particularmente importante en la formación del agujero de ozono, mientras que en latitudes medias el HOCl tiene alguna relevancia. También los eventos de protones solares pueden alterar la química del cloro estratosférico, aunque su efecto de activación o desactivación depende de las condiciones de iluminación. La vida media atmosférica de los clorofluorocarbonos determina la disponibilidad de las sustancias que destruyen el ozono en la estratosfera y depende de la circulación de Brewer-Dobson, que a su vez establece a qué altitudes y por cuánto tiempo está expuesta una porción de aire a la fotoquímica. Por su parte, los gases orgánicos clorados pueden usarse como trazadores para estimar la edad del aire estratosférico y así examinar la circulación de Brewer-Dobson. El uso de métodos complementarios de medición ha sido esencial para ampliar nuestros conocimientos sobre los compuestos clorados en la estratosfera. El ClO se mide principalmente con métodos de percepción remota en las regiones del infrarrojo y de microondas. Las bandas del infrarrojo lejano son ideales para medir el HOCl, pero también se encuentra información sustancial en las regiones de microondas y del infrarrojo medio. El ClONO 2 se mide sólo en el infrarrojo térmico, en tanto que el HCl se puede observar en las regiones de microondas y del infrarrojo lejano y medio. Sin embargo, las bandas del HCl en el infrarrojo medio se encuentran en longitudes de onda en que la radiación de cuerpo negro a temperaturas terrestres es tan baja que el HCl sólo se puede detectar mediante la técnica de absorción solar. Los clorofluorocarbonos se miden con mayor exactitud utilizando métodos de muestreo in situ, aunque para lograr una cobertura global se requieren mediciones en el infrarrojo térmico realizadas desde satélites. En términos epistemológicos, la investigación de la química de la estratosfera y el papel específico de los compuestos clorados se ha basado en distintos conceptos científicos como el razonamiento deductivo, el falsacionismo, el razonamiento abductivo y la llamada "solución de enigmas dentro de la ciencia normal". Sin embargo, la concepción estructuralista de la visión no enunciativa de las teorías es probablemente la que mejor se aplica a la investigación de ...

show abstract

Stratospheric clouds and ozone depletion in the Arctic during January 1989

Cited by 72 publications

References 12 publications

Extremely low temperatures in the stratosphore and very low total ozone amount above northern and central Europe during winter 1989

Extremely low temperatures in the stratosphore and very low total ozone amount above northern and central Europe during winter 1989

Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic vortex in the winter 1995-96: HALOE measurements in conjunction with other observations

Chlorine in the stratosphere

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About