Stratospheric loss and atmospheric lifetimes of CFC-11 and CFC-12 derived from satellite observations

Minschwaner, K.; Hoffmann, Lars; Brown, A. T.; Riese, Martin; Müller, Rolf; Bernath, Peter F.

doi:10.5194/acp-13-4253-2013

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[], the lifetime was estimated to be 54 and 57 years, using a 3‐D and a 2‐D atmospheric chemistry model, respectively. Recent studies based on satellite and ground‐based observations have estimated a CFC‐11 lifetime of 50 years (range: 34–67 years) [ Minschwaner et al ., ], 52 years (range: 40–66 years) [ Rigby et al ., ], and 59 years (range: 53–66 years) [ Laube et al ., ]. In Table , we choose to keep the lifetime of 45 years from WMO [] as our best estimate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The profiles have been scaled to the year 1994 tropospheric mixing ratio of 269 ppt as in Minschwaner et al . [].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the CFC‐11 vertical profiles employed in both models are in relatively good agreement with the climatology derived from MIPAS observations. Some discrepancies can be seen, especially near the tropical tropopause region, but it should be noted that differences between climatologies derived from satellite observations are also evident [ Hoffmann et al ., ] (their Figure ), and that tropical stratospheric measurements of CFC‐11 is a major source of uncertainty [ Minschwaner et al ., ] (see also their Figure ). The vertical profiles are shown separately for the tropics (30°S‐30°N) and the extra‐tropics (90°S‐30°S and 30°N‐90°N) in Figure due to the different tropopause heights.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review

Hodnebrog

Etminan

Fuglestvedt

et al. 2013

Reviews of Geophysics

430

441

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[1] In the mid-1970s, it was recognized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were strong greenhouse gases that could have substantial impacts on radiative forcing of climate change, as well as being substances that deplete stratospheric ozone. Around a decade later, this group of radiatively active compounds was expanded to include a large number of replacements for ozone-depleting substances such as chlorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), bromofluorocarbons, and bromochlorofluorocarbons. This paper systematically reviews the published literature concerning the radiative efficiencies (REs) of CFCs, bromofluorocarbons and bromochlorofluorocarbons (halons), HCFCs, HFCs, PFCs, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, and related halogen containing compounds. In addition, we provide a comprehensive and self-consistent set of new calculations of REs and global warming potentials (GWPs) for these compounds, mostly employing atmospheric lifetimes taken from the available literature. We also present global temperature change potentials for selected gases. Infrared absorption spectra used in the RE calculations were taken from databases and individual studies and from experimental and ab initio computational studies. Evaluations of REs and GWPs are presented for more than 200 compounds. Our calculations yield REs significantly (> 5%) different from those in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) for 49 compounds. We present new RE values for more than 100 gases which were not included in AR4. A widely used simple method to calculate REs and GWPs from absorption spectra and atmospheric lifetimes is assessed and updated. This is the most comprehensive review of the radiative efficiencies and global warming potentials of halogenated compounds performed to date.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The profiles have been scaled to the year 1994 tropospheric mixing ratio of 269 ppt as in Minschwaner et al . [].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review

Hodnebrog

Etminan

Fuglestvedt

et al. 2013

Reviews of Geophysics

430

441

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous results on the validation of different data products for these gases have been published (Payan et al, 2009;Hoffmann et al, 2008;Kellmann et al, 2012;Vigouroux et al, 2007), and the data have been used, for example, to derive stratospheric lifetimes Minschwaner et al, 2013) and climatologies and trends of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Kellmann et al, 2012). While MIPAS is not operating anymore, it has provided a wealth of data that span nearly 10 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term validation of ESA operational retrieval (version 6.0) of MIPAS Envisat vertical profiles of methane, nitrous oxide, CFC11, and CFC12 using balloon-borne observations and trajectory matching

Engel

Bönisch²,

Schwarzenberger

et al. 2016

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. MIPAS-Envisat is a satellite-borne sensor which measured vertical profiles of a wide range of trace gases from 2002 to 2012 using IR emission spectroscopy. We present geophysical validation of the MIPAS-Envisat operational retrieval (version 6.0) of N 2 O, CH 4 , CFC-12, and CFC-11 by the European Space Agency (ESA). The geophysical validation data are derived from measurements of samples collected by a cryogenic whole air sampler flown to altitudes of up to 34 km by means of large scientific balloons. In order to increase the number of coincidences between the satellite and the balloon observations, we applied a trajectory matching technique. The results are presented for different time periods due to a change in the spectroscopic resolution of MI-PAS in early 2005. Retrieval results for N 2 O, CH 4 , and CFC-12 show partly good agreement for some altitude regions, which differs for the periods with different spectroscopic resolution. The more recent low spectroscopic resolution data above 20 km altitude show agreement with the combined uncertainties, while there is a tendency of the earlier high spectral resolution data set to underestimate these species above 25 km. The earlier high spectral resolution data show a significant overestimation of the mixing ratios for N 2 O, CH 4 , and CFC-12 below 20 km. These differences need to be considered when using these data. The CFC-11 results from the operation retrieval version 6.0 cannot be recommended for scientific studies due to a systematic overestimation of the CFC-11 mixing ratios at all altitudes.

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“…They are known as ozone-depleting compounds with atmospheric lifetimes between 90 and 130 years (Minschwaner et al, 2013). Production began in the late 1920s and was phased out in the late 1980s due to the infrared-mediated detrimental impact on atmospheric ozone concentrations.…”

Section: Chlorofluorocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of transient tracer applications and limiting cases

2015

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Abstract. Currently available transient tracers have different application ranges that are defined by their temporal input (chronological transient tracers) or their decay rate (radioactive transient tracers). Transient tracers range from tracers for highly ventilated water masses such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) through tritium ( 3 H) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) up to tracers for less ventilated deep ocean basins such as argon-39 ( 39 Ar) and radiocarbon ( 14 C). In this context, highly ventilated water masses are defined as water masses that have been in contact with the atmosphere during the last decade. Transient tracers can be used to empirically constrain the transit time distribution (TTD), which can often be approximated with an inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution. The IG-TTD provides information about ventilation and the advective/diffusive characteristics of a water parcel.Here we provide an overview of commonly used transient tracer couples and the corresponding application range of the IG-TTD by using the new concept of validity areas. CFC-12, CFC-11 and SF 6 data from three different cruises in the South Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean as well as 39 Ar data from the 1980s and early 1990s in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Weddell Sea are used to demonstrate this method. We found that the IG-TTD can be constrained along the Greenwich Meridian south to 46 • S, which corresponds to the Subantarctic Front (SAF) denoting the application limit. The Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) describes the limiting water layer in the vertical. Conspicuous high or lower ratios between the advective and diffusive components describe the transition between the validity area and the application limit of the IG-TTD model rather than describing the physical properties of the water parcel. The combination of 39 Ar and CFC data places constraints on the IG-TTD in the deep water north of the SAF, but not beyond this limit.

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Stratospheric loss and atmospheric lifetimes of CFC-11 and CFC-12 derived from satellite observations

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review

Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review

Long-term validation of ESA operational retrieval (version 6.0) of MIPAS Envisat vertical profiles of methane, nitrous oxide, CFC11, and CFC12 using balloon-borne observations and trajectory matching

Perspectives of transient tracer applications and limiting cases

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