Stratospheric ozone depletion: high arctic tundra plant growth on Svalbard is not affected by enhanced UV-B after 7 years of UV-B supplementation in the field

Rozema, J.; Boelen, Peter; Solheim, Bjørn; Zielke, Matthias; Buskens, Alwin; Doorenbosch, Marieke; Fijn, Ruben; Herder, Jelger; Callaghan, Terry V.; Björn, Lars Olof; Jones, Dylan Gwynn; Broekman, Rob; Blokker, Peter; Poll, Willem H. van de

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4443-4_9

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In general, effects of ambient levels of UV-B on plants have been relatively minor but a few high latitude studies have found larger growth reductions (Searles et al, 2001;Rozema et al, 2006;Caldwell et al, 2007). Caldwell et al (2007) have suggested that low capacity for DNA repair may be a feature of high latitude regions where species have evolved under low levels of ambient UV-B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of DNA damage in Antarctic mosses: correlations with ultraviolet‐B radiation, temperature and turf water content vary among species

Turnbull

Robinson

2009

Global Change Biology

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The susceptibility of three East Antarctic moss species to UV-B radiation was examined by measuring accumulation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers under natural sunlight during the austral summer season of 2002/03. The 2002/03 season was characterized by unusually low springtime ozone depletion and as such our results likely underestimate the DNA damage possible in a more typical UV-B radiation season. Despite this all three species accumulated significant DNA photoproducts. We also found a positive association between photoproduct accumulation and incident UV-B radiation in the two cosmopolitan species, Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Ceratodon purpureus, with more DNA damage in samples collected early in the season compared with later in the summer. For B. pseudotriquetrum, negative associations were also observed between photoproduct accumulation and both turf water content and the 10-day mean air temperature. Photoproduct accumulation in the endemic species Schistidium antarctici was similarly high across the season and no significant association with environmental variables was found. Our results are consistent with the two cosmopolitan species having somewhat higher UV-B-screening capabilities and possibly more efficient mechanisms for repairing DNA damage than the endemic S. antarctici. Nomenclature:AT 5 air temperature ASPA 5 Antarctic Specially Protected Area CPD 5 cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer DU 5 Dobson unit ELISA 5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay TUV 5 total ultraviolet radiation TWC 5 turf water content UV-B 5 ultraviolet-B radiation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of DNA damage in Antarctic mosses: correlations with ultraviolet‐B radiation, temperature and turf water content vary among species

Turnbull

Robinson

2009

Global Change Biology

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“…Lud et al, 2001a;), but no apparent effects in others (e.g. Lud et al, 2003;Boelen et al, 2006;Rozema et al, 2006). One of the most consistent responses of plants at lower latitudes to elevated UVB exposure is the synthesis of UVB absorbing compounds in foliage (Searles et al, 2001), but, even for this response, polar UVB experiments have yielded conflicting results, with consistent positive effects on the concentrations of these pigments in some studies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of plants in polar regions to UVB exposure: a meta‐analysis

Newsham

Robinson

2009

Global Change Biology

145

118

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We report a meta-analysis of data from 34 field studies into the effects of UV-B radiation on Arctic and Antarctic bryophytes and angiosperms. The studies measured plant responses to decreases in UV-B radiation under screens, natural fluctuations in UV-B irradiance, or increases in UV-B radiation applied from fluorescent UV lamps. Exposure to UV-B radiation was found to increase the concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds in leaves or thalli by 7% and 25% (expressed on a mass or area basis, respectively). UV-B exposure also reduced aboveground biomass and plant height by 15% and 10%, respectively, and increased DNA damage by 90%. No effects of UV-B exposure were found on carotenoid or chlorophyll concentrations, net photosynthesis, Fv/Fm or ΦPSII, belowground or total biomass, leaf mass, leaf area or specific leaf area (SLA). The methodology adopted influenced the concentration of UV-B absorbing compounds, with screens and natural fluctuations promoting significant changes in the concentrations of these pigments, but lamps failing to elicit a response. Greater reductions in leaf area and SLA, and greater increases in concentrations of carotenoids, were found in experiments based in Antarctica than in those in the Arctic. Bryophytes typically responded in the same way as angiosperms to UV-B exposure. Regression analyses indicated that the percentage difference in UV-B dose between treatment and control plots was positively associated with concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds and carotenoids, and negatively so with aboveground biomass and leaf area. We conclude that, despite being dominated by bryophytes, the vegetation of polar regions responds to UV-B exposure in a similar way to higher plant-dominated vegetation at lower latitudes. In broad terms, the exposure of plants in these regions to UV-B radiation elicits the synthesis of UV-B absorbing compounds, reduces aboveground biomass and height, and increases DNA damage.

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“…Another study, conducted on Svalbard, observed no changes in UV-B absorbing compounds in high Arctic tundra plant in response to UV-B radiation. [35] Several other studies on the effects of UV on plants suggested that lichens contain a variety of polyphenolic compounds, including usnic acid, parietin, and melanin, with strong capacities to absorb UV radiation and that might contribute to photoprotection mechanisms in lichen. [36373839] Our results also shows that UV - B absorbing compounds and phenolics in B. argenteum and U. aprina increases gradually on the exposure of UV-B and protects the plants from the damaging effects of UV-B radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of UV-B radiation on plants growing at schirmacher oasis, East Antarctica

Singh¹,

Singh²

2014

Toxicol Int

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This study aimed to assess the impacts of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation over a 28-day period on the levels of pigments of Umbilicaria aprina and Bryum argenteum growing in field. The depletion of stratospheric ozone is most prominent over Antarctica, which receives more UV-B radiation than most other parts of the planet. Although UV-B radiation adversely affects all flora, Antarctic plants are better equipped to survive the damaging effects of UV-B owing to defenses provided by UV-B absorbing compounds and other screening pigments. The UV-B radiations and daily average ozone values were measured by sun photometer and the photosynthetic pigments were analyzed by the standard spectrophotometric methods of exposed and unexposed selected plants. The daily average atmospheric ozone values were recorded from 5 January to 2 February 2008. The maximum daily average for ozone (310.7 Dobson Units (DU)) was recorded on 10 January 2008. On that day, average UV-B spectral irradiances were 0.016, 0.071, and 0.186 W m-2 at wavelengths of 305, 312, and 320 nm, respectively. The minimum daily average ozone value (278.6 DU) was recorded on 31 January 2008. On that day, average UV-B spectral irradiances were 0.018, 0.085, and 0.210 W m-2 at wavelengths of 305, 312, and 320 nm, respectively. Our results concludes that following prolonged UV-B exposure, total chlorophyll levels decreased gradually in both species, whereas levels of UV-B absorbing compounds, phenolics, and carotenoids gradually increased.

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Stratospheric ozone depletion: high arctic tundra plant growth on Svalbard is not affected by enhanced UV-B after 7 years of UV-B supplementation in the field

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Accumulation of DNA damage in Antarctic mosses: correlations with ultraviolet‐B radiation, temperature and turf water content vary among species

Accumulation of DNA damage in Antarctic mosses: correlations with ultraviolet‐B radiation, temperature and turf water content vary among species

Responses of plants in polar regions to UVB exposure: a meta‐analysis

Adverse effects of UV-B radiation on plants growing at schirmacher oasis, East Antarctica

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