Stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation and climate change

Boucher, Oliviér

doi:10.1002/wea.451

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, in the present scheme, column ozone at any given location is not preserved. However, the global mass of ozone is preserved, such that the global mean radiative impact of ozone at the surface is unchanged (see Figures 4 and 6 of Boucher, ). The global mass of ozone is computed as follows:

\int_{0}^{TOA} \int_{- π false/ 2}^{π false/ 2} \int_{0}^{2 π} ρ O_{3} \cos false(θ false) a^{2} normald ϕ normald θ normald z

where TOA = top of atmosphere, ϕ is longitude, θ is latitude, a is the radius of the Earth, ρ is air density, and O 3 is ozone mass mixing ratio (MMR).…”

Section: Ozone Redistribution Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Prescribed Ozone in Climate Projections Run With HadGEM3‐GC3.1

Hardiman

Andrews

et al. 2019

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 protocol suggests prescribing preindustrial ozone concentrations in abrupt-4xCO2 simulations. This leads to a mismatch between the thermal tropopause, which rises due to climate change, and the ozone tropopause, which remains fixed. The result is unphysically high ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere, leading to a warm bias in cold point temperature and increased stratospheric water vapor. In the U.K. physical climate model HadGEM3-GC3.1 this increases the surface climate sensitivity. In the future, other climate models without interactive ozone schemes may face similar problems. We describe a method to interactively redistribute ozone in climate simulations, which removes the inconsistency between the thermal and ozone tropopause heights while retaining the prescribed ozone distribution as closely as possible. This removes unphysical consequences of the tropopause mismatch, while still allowing a fair comparison against other Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 model simulations. After each model year, the monthly mean, zonal mean, thermal tropopause is formed based on the previous two model years. The ozone tropopause is defined at 1 km below the thermal tropopause by setting ozone concentrations there to 80 ppbv, and smoothing appropriately. The mass of ozone removed from the troposphere is added to the stratosphere thus conserving the total mass of ozone. This redistribution is then applied proportionally to the 3-D monthly mean ozone concentrations. The climate model is run for the following year, using this redistributed ozone, and then the whole process is repeated. Results are presented from preindustrial and abrupt-4xCO2 simulations, but this method can be used for any climate simulation.

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\int_{0}^{TOA} \int_{- π false/ 2}^{π false/ 2} \int_{0}^{2 π} ρ O_{3} \cos false(θ false) a^{2} normald ϕ normald θ normald z

where TOA = top of atmosphere, ϕ is longitude, θ is latitude, a is the radius of the Earth, ρ is air density, and O 3 is ozone mass mixing ratio (MMR).…”

Section: Ozone Redistribution Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in the present scheme, column ozone at any given location is not preserved. However, the global mass of ozone is preserved, such that the global mean radiative impact of ozone at the surface is unchanged (see Figures 4 and 6 of Boucher, 2010). The global mass of ozone is computed as follows:…”

Section: Ozone Redistribution Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Prescribed Ozone in Climate Projections Run With HadGEM3‐GC3.1

Hardiman

Andrews

et al. 2019

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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“…Despite atmospheric shielding, UV exposure can still cause substantial damage and mortality to microbes. Moreover, it is possible that anthropogenic changes to stratospheric ozone and climate may lead to increased UV exposure and damage to some species (Boucher 2010). UV is also of particular interest in astrobiology; recent evidence of water on Mars (Smith et al 2009; Whiteway et al 2009) increases the possibility of finding microbial life on or near the Martian surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evolution of Ultraviolet Radiation Resistance in Escherichia Coli

Goldman

Travisano

2011

Evolution

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Ultraviolet (UV) light is a major cause of stress, mutation, and mortality in microorganisms, causing numerous forms of cellular damage. Nevertheless, there is tremendous variation within and among bacterial species in their sensitivity to UV light. We investigated direct and correlated responses to selection during exposure to UV. Replicate lines of Escherichia coli K12 were propagated for 600 generations, half with UV and half as a control without UV. All lines responded to selection, and we found strong positive and negative correlated responses to selection associated with increased UV resistance. Compared to Control populations, UV-selected populations increased in desiccation and starvation resistance approximately twofold but were 10 times more sensitive to hypersalinity. There was little evidence for a persistent large competitive fitness cost to UV resistance. These results suggest that natural variation in UV resistance may be maintained by trade-offs for resistance to other abiotic sources of mortality. We observed an average twofold increase in cell size by the UV-selected populations, consistent with a structural mode of adaptation to UV exposure having preadaptive and maladaptive consequences to other abiotic stresses.

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“…The penetration of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to damage in human skin. 1–3 Tese adverse effects began to increase gradually due to ozone layer depletion. Tus, the development and production of UV-protective textile materials should be pursued, since clothing is considered to be a significant step for UV protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Build-Up and UV-Protection Performance of Encapsulated Photochromic Dye-Treated Cotton Fabrics

Kumbasar

Çay

Morsunbul

et al. 2016

AATCC Journal of Research

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A spirooxazine-based photochromic dye was encapsulated by an oil-in-water emulsion, solvent evaporation method. The encapsulated dye was applied to cotton fabric by a pad-cure process with different binder types. Ultraviolet (UV) protection was increased with application of the encapsulated photochromic dye. The type of binder used affected the photochromic color build-up during UV irradiation and could modify the UV protection imparted by the encapsulated photochromic dyes on textiles.

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Stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation and climate change

Abstract: References

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

The Impact of Prescribed Ozone in Climate Projections Run With HadGEM3‐GC3.1

The Impact of Prescribed Ozone in Climate Projections Run With HadGEM3‐GC3.1

Experimental Evolution of Ultraviolet Radiation Resistance in Escherichia Coli

Color Build-Up and UV-Protection Performance of Encapsulated Photochromic Dye-Treated Cotton Fabrics

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