Stratum Corneum Acidification Is Impaired in Moderately Aged Human and Murine Skin

Choi, Eung Ho; Man, Mao‐Qiang; Xu, Peng; Xin, Shujun; Liu, Zhili; Crumrine, Debra; Jiang, Yan; Fluhr, Joachim W.; Feingold, Kenneth R.; Elias, Peter M.; Mauro, Theodora M.

doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700913

Cited by 195 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The results of the present study indicate that skin surface pH increases at all assessed localizations, but significantly at the forehead and cheek. This result is in agreement with other studies [5,36], which found an increase in skin surface pH in age compared with younger men. Man et al [5] assume that the elevated skin surface pH with aging is linked to the simultaneous decrease in the epidermal expression of sodium-hydrogen antiporter (Na + /H + ), as Na + /H + is known as one of the key factors regulating skin surface pH [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Man et al [5] assume that the elevated skin surface pH with aging is linked to the simultaneous decrease in the epidermal expression of sodium-hydrogen antiporter (Na + /H + ), as Na + /H + is known as one of the key factors regulating skin surface pH [37]. Further, the increased SC pH negatively influences cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis and lipid processing, which may have a negative influence on the water-holding capacity of the SC, resulting in lower hydration levels [36,37]. This connection is probable as age-related changes occur simultaneously in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-Related Changes in Male Skin: Quantitative Evaluation of One Hundred and Fifty Male Subjects

Luebberding

Krueger

Kerscher

2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Purpose: Modern men have changed their beauty and grooming habits, which has resulted in an increasing demand for cosmetics for men. However, very little information is available about the dermatological needs of male skin. Therefore, the aim of this present clinical study was to conduct the first systematic assessment of the skin physiology of men with special attention to lifetime changes. Methods: A total of 150 healthy male subjects (aged 20-70 years) were selected following strict criteria, including age, sun behavior and smoking habits. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration level, sebum production and pH values were measured with worldwide-acknowledged biophysical measuring methods at the forehead, cheek, neck, volar forearm and dorsum of hand. Results: TEWL and sebum production vary by localization, but generally not with increasing age, whereas stratum corneum (SC) hydration decreases significantly at the face and neck. The greatest decrease was assessed at the forehead. Skin surface pH significantly increases with aging in the face. Conclusion: The present study assigns for the first time systematic reference values for standardized biophysical measuring methods and localizations reflecting the skin physiology of men in relation to age. The results show that the physiology of male skin partly changes with aging. While SC hydration and skin surface pH are affected by the subject's age, TEWL and sebum production show only minor variations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes in Male Skin: Quantitative Evaluation of One Hundred and Fifty Male Subjects

Luebberding

Krueger

Kerscher

2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…Sweat production is also important for maintaining the acid mantle that regulates the growth of skin commensal organisms (Marples 1965;Weller et al 1996). Consistent with decreased eccrine function, increased age is also associated with defective skin-surface acidity (Choi et al 2007). The specific influence of photoaging on eccrine sweat gland structure and function remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Skin Barrier and Thermoregulation Functionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Natural and Sun-Induced Aging of Human Skin

Rittié

Fisher

2015

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

423

386

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With worldwide expansion of the aging population, research on age-related pathologies is receiving growing interest. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the decline of skin structure and function induced by the passage of time (chronological aging) and chronic exposure to solar UV irradiation ( photoaging). Nearly every aspect of skin biology is affected by aging. The self-renewing capability of the epidermis, which provides vital barrier function, is diminished with age. Vital thermoregulation function of eccrine sweat glands is also altered with age. The dermal collagenous extracellular matrix, which comprises the bulk of skin and confers strength and resiliency, undergoes gradual fragmentation, which deleteriously impacts skin mechanical properties and dermal cell functions. Aging also affects wound repair, pigmentation, innervation, immunity, vasculature, and subcutaneous fat homeostasis. Altogether, age-related alterations of skin lead to age-related skin fragility and diseases. S kin, like many other organs, undergoes deleterious changes with the passage of time and associated hormonal and dietary variations. Unlike most other organs, however, skin is also directly affected by exposure to the environment, especially UV irradiation from the sun. Chronic exposure to UV irradiation causes an aged phenotype ( photoaging) that is superimposed with aging caused by the passage of time (chronological aging). As a result, areas of the body that are frequently exposed to the sun such as the face, neck, forearms, or back of the hands acquire visible signs of aging more rapidly than other areas of the body.Skin serves two vital functions. First, skin serves as a barrier; it protects physical, chemical, and bacteriological intrusion in the body, and prevents dehydration by evaporative water loss. Second, skin allows thermoregulation through regulation of skin-hosted vasculature and eccrine sweat glands. In addition to these vital functions, skin mediates the sense of touch and plays a role in immune surveillance, hormone production, and social communication. Each of these functions is affected with aging. In general, alterations of skin structure and function appear earlier and are more pronounced in photoaged than in chronologically aged skin. Evidently, photoaging is a cumulative process and, as such, is more severe in older individuals.Passage of time and repeated exposure to harmful aspects of the environment alter both the epidermal and dermal compartments of the skin. Clinically, chronologically aged skin ap-

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“…In moderately aged (50 to 80 years) individuals, abnormal stratum corneum acidification results in delayed lipid processing, delayed permeability barrier recovery, and abnormal stratum corneum integrity, ion transport and turnover. [40][41][42][43] Flattening of the dermo-epidermal junction at sites that were highly corrugated in youth is the most consistent change found in aged skin 44 and is due primarily to a retraction of the rete ridges. 30 This reduced interdigitation between epidermis and dermis results is less resistance to shearing forces 13,22 as well as a reduced supply of nutrients and oxygen.…”

Section: Epidermismentioning

confidence: 98%