Straw residue incorporation: Influence on soil microbial biomass and <scp>carbon–nitrogen</scp> dynamics in an oilseed <scp>rape–rice</scp> rotation

Wang, Kunkun; Ren, Tao; Yan, Jinyao; Zhu, Dandan; Fang, Yating; Cong, Rihuan; Lu, Zhifeng; Li, Xiaokun; Lu, Jianwei

doi:10.1111/sum.12990

Soil Use and Management

2023

DOI: 10.1111/sum.12990

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Straw residue incorporation: Influence on soil microbial biomass and carbon–nitrogen dynamics in an oilseed rape–rice rotation

Kunkun Wang,

Tao Ren,

Jinyao Yan

et al.

Abstract: Soil C and N input drives microbial biomass in paddy–upland rotations. We explored how crop straw return impacts microbial C and N (MBC and MBN) dynamics and their role in rice–oilseed rape rotations at three sites in Hubei Province, China. These sites, under a subtropical monsoon climate, were categorized (using the modified Nemoro equation) as high, moderate and low soil fertility respectively. We found that with straw return, total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) increased to the greatest degree… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Deep return of straw improves topsoil health and maize productivity more efficiently than shallow return

Li,

Jin,

et al. 2024

Soil Use and Management

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Straw return is an important nature‐based solution to identify optimal management practices to maintain cropland soil health and food security. However, there is still limited information available regarding the impacts of different straw return strategies on soil health, especially when considering a comprehensive assessment of soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Soil microorganisms are the core and key to maintaining soil health. The present research aims to determine the impact of straw return to different depths on soil health index (SHI) and crop productivity across different soil layers. We conducted a 3–year field experiment with four treatments: a blank control with no straw return (NR), straw return treatments with shallow return (SR), mulch return (MR) and deep return (DR), and the straw application rate was 10,500 kg/ha. The results showed that it was the microbial indicators that dominated the effects on soil health, rather than soil organic carbon (SOC). Specifically, we found that the SR treatment exhibited the highest extracellular enzyme activities of both hydrolases and oxidases in the subsoil, and the peroxidase (PEO) activity was 758.99 nmol/g/h. In addition, compared with MR and DR treatments, the abundance of symbiotroph fungi in SR treatment increased by 78.41% and 54.38%, releasing more nutrients to the soil. Hence, SR treatment increased SHI mainly by increasing the PEO activity and NO3−–N content, and SR treatment significantly increased SHI by 25.59% and 22.16% compared with MR and DR treatments. By contrast, the DR treatment greatly increased the topsoil SHI by 43.33% and 58.98% compared with SR and SM treatments, mainly due to the enhanced microbial biomass N (MBN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The DR treatment in topsoil had the lowest soil bulk density (BD) which enhanced Bacteroidota but decreased Methylomirabilota abundance, thus resulting in the accumulation of MBN. Moreover, DR treatment led the highest maize yield which increased with an increasing SHI. To conclude, DR treatment is an effective method to improve SHI and crop productivity in nutrient‐rich topsoil, while SR treatment has a much better effect in the subsoil. Our results will provide a theoretical paradigm for selecting straw return strategies, which is crucial for promoting soil health and food productivity, achieving high crop yields, and supporting sustainable agricultural development.

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Deep return of straw improves topsoil health and maize productivity more efficiently than shallow return

Li,

Jin,

et al. 2024

Soil Use and Management

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Fifteen years of tillage and straw returning promotes soil structure and carbon sequestration under rice–rice–oilseed rape rotation in Central China

Zhang,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Soil Use and Management

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Straw returning and tillage measures are one of the key measures to improve soil structure and fertilize soil. Different rotation systems and tillage methods (no‐tillage or conventional tillage) affect the physical structure and the C sequestration efficiency of soil. Here, we examined the response of soil organic C stocks, soil C fractions and soil structure to straw returning and tillage management based on a 15‐year rice–rice–oilseed rape rotation. Our results indicated that the soil carbon stock reached C equivalent within 10 years with straw returning and 5–6 years without straw returning. No‐tillage improve the C sequestration efficiency only in the early stage. Soil organic C (SOC) fractions significantly increased after straw returning, that is, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 10.3%–21.4%, particulate organic carbon (POC) increased by 32.0%–44.2%, light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) increased by 37.9%–61.2%, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) increased by 7.1%–12.1%. Except for LFOC, no significant difference was observed between no‐tillage and tillage for the other SOC fractions. Straw returning significantly improved the proportion of >2 mm aggregates (+40.0%) and the SOC content of >0.25 mm aggregates. Meanwhile, straw returning with conventional tillage (CTS) enhanced the SOC content of <0.25 mm aggregates. The soil structure became irregular (anisotropy increased by 115.0%), more complex (fractal dimension increased by 10.2%) and the number of soil pores increased by 108.5% after straw returning. LFOC and MBC played important roles in promoting the changes in the soil structure and the formation of macro‐aggregates. Overall, straw returning was more effective in increasing the SOC, the accumulation of macro‐aggregates, and the number of soil macropores, as well as improving the soil structure compared with tillage under the triple upland‐paddy rotation system.

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Effects of Different Tillage Measures Combined with Straw Returning on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity

Xiao,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Aiming at the problems of serious soil desertification, increased soil and water loss, and reduced soil-available nutrients in the agro-pastoral ecotone in Northeast Inner Mongolia, this study took corn variety A6565 as the planting crop and analyzed seven different tillage measures, deep tillage, deep loosening, shallow tillage, rotary tillage, heavy harrow, no-tillage, and control, combined with straw returning at an experimental field in Arong Banner. The analysis results are as follows: the urease activity and microbial biomass nitrogen content of the tillage method combined with straw-returning treatment were higher than other treatments. Compared with the seedling stage, the alpha diversity index of bacteria increased in the harvest stage, while that of fungi was the opposite. β diversity comparison showed that sampling time was the main factor affecting the bacterial community and composition. It was found that the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes, and the dominant fungus was Ascomycetes. Conservation tillage combined with straw-returning treatment has a positive impact on soil microbial diversity, which is more helpful for improving soil-available nutrients and soil quality. All the findings in this study may contribute to restricting a series of important factors affecting sustainable agricultural development, such as soil degradation.

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Straw residue incorporation: Influence on soil microbial biomass and carbon–nitrogen dynamics in an oilseed rape–rice rotation

Cited by 3 publications

References 97 publications

Deep return of straw improves topsoil health and maize productivity more efficiently than shallow return

Deep return of straw improves topsoil health and maize productivity more efficiently than shallow return

Fifteen years of tillage and straw returning promotes soil structure and carbon sequestration under rice–rice–oilseed rape rotation in Central China

Effects of Different Tillage Measures Combined with Straw Returning on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity

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