Strawberry Harvesting Robot on Table-top Culture

Preoperative pregnancy testing in a university hospital in the UK

“…across different plants (Feng et al, 2012) and improve the shelf life of the fruit (Van Henten et al, 2002). Certain EE mechanisms were designed to swallow the target fruit during detaching (Xiong et al, 2019b;Xiong et al, 2020b;Qingchun et al, 2014;Arima et al, 2004;Kondo et al, 1998), which helps the robot deal with uncertainty regarding the orientation of the fruits during harvesting.…”

“…Harvesting robots must be mobile to reach crops grown in various patterns in their growth environment. The mobile platforms used for this purpose have employed different locomotion methods such as four-wheeled differential drive (Lehnert et al, 2017;Feng et al, 2012), four-wheel independent drive and steering (Xiong (Feng et al, 2012) (Arima et al, 2004) (Yamamoto et al, 2014) (Baeten et al, 2008) (Reed et al, 2001) (Zhao et al, 2016b) (Lehnert et al, 2017) (Bac et al, 2017) (Hayashi et al, 2002)(Van Henten et al, 2002 Mechanical fingers E (Yaguchi et al, 2016) Lili et al, 2017), crawler type (Hayashi et al, 2002;De-An et al, 2011;Monta et al, 1995), or rail carriages (Zhao et al, 2016b;Feng et al, 2015;Parsa et al, 2023;Feng et al, 2018;Yasukawa et al, 2017;Hayashi et al, 2010) utilising heating pipes running through the rows of greenhouses. In orchards, mobile platforms can also include human-driven vehicles such as tractors, forklifts, and other utility vehicles (Armada et al, 2005;Silwal et al, 2017;Baeten et al, 2008;Jayaselan et al, 2012;Lee and Rosa, 2006).…”

“…External sensors are primarily used for fruit identification, localisation, and environment perception to facilitate robot navigation. On the other hand, internal sensors monitor the performance of individual subsystems like manipulators, end (Arima et al, 2004).…”

“…Flexible tubing was also used in addition to the conveyor system. This flexible tube can be an integral attachment to the end effector, through which the detached fruit directly falls into the storage chamber (Arima et al, 2004). Sometimes, with a certain manipulation effort, the end effector drops the fruits into the specified dropping location from where the fruit enters the opening of the tubing (De-An et al, 2011).…”

Deliberation on Design Strategies of Automatic Harvesting Systems: A Survey

“…Van Henten et al [116] further presented field tests of a cucumber harvesting robot reported in 2002 with variable field conditions in which the robot took a cycle time of 124 s per harvested cucumber and the average harvesting success rate was found to be 74.4%. Arima et al [117] developed a Cartesian coordinate type 4 DOF manipulator with suction cup and visual sensor to harvest strawberries on a tabletop structure. Hannan and Burks [48] described the main challenges related to fruit detection and robotic harvesting of citrus.…”