Stray-field imaging of magnetic vortices with a single diamond spin

Rondin, Loïc; Tetienne, J.‐P.; Rohart, Stanislas; Thiaville, A.; Hingant, T.; Spinicelli, Piernicola; Roch, Jean-François; Jacques, Vincent

doi:10.1038/ncomms3279

Cited by 150 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Two important input parameters for the simulation are the London penetration depth  of the superconductor, and the NV-sample separation hNV. If hNV can be determined independently, for example by imaging a magnetic reference sample 28 , the NV imaging method provides a direct way of measuring  by fitting the results of the simulation to the contour images. Conversely, if is known, hNV can be extracted.…”

Section: Cryogenic Magnetic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the NV center has been proposed [21][22][23] and used [24][25][26][27][28][29] as a scanning magnetometer in a number of different contexts, but has been restricted to room temperature operation. However, NV centers maintain their high field sensitivity over a large temperature range, from cryogenic to ambient and above 15,30 , and hence are ideal for imaging nanoscale magnetism through orders of magnitude in temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

et al. 2016

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High spatial resolution magnetic imaging has driven important developments in fields ranging from materials science to biology. However, to uncover finer details approaching the nanoscale with greater sensitivity requires the development of a radically new sensor technology. The nitrogenvacancy (NV) defect in diamond has emerged as a promising candidate for such a sensor based on its atomic size and quantum-limited sensing capabilities afforded by long spin coherence times. Although the NV center has been successfully implemented as a nanoscale scanning magnetic probe at room temperature, it has remained an outstanding challenge to extend this capability to cryogenic temperatures, where many solid-state systems exhibit non-trivial magnetic order. Here we present NV magnetic imaging down to 6 K with 6 nm spatial resolution and 3 μT/√Hz field sensitivity, first benchmarking the technique with a magnetic hard disk sample, then utilizing the technique to image vortices in the iron pnictide superconductor BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2 with Tc = 30 K. The expansion of NVbased magnetic imaging to cryogenic temperatures represents an important advance in state-of-theart magnetometry, which will enable future studies of heretofore inaccessible nanoscale magnetism in condensed matter systems. and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 7 , and reciprocal space techniques including neutron scattering 8 have been successfully utilized to study magnetism in these systems. However, each of these techniques has limitations that must be considered. In MFM, a ferromagnetic tip must be placed in close proximity to a sample, which can perturb the magnetic order that is being probed.Scanning SQUIDs typically require a probe temperature of 10 K or lower, and generally offer micron-size spatial resolution, although recent studies have enhanced the resolution to submicron scales 9 . Lorentz TEM can provide images with high spatial resolution and magnetic contrast, but requires very thin samples, typically less than 100 nm thick. Neutron scattering requires the growth of large, high purity single-crystal samples, and is an ensemble-averaged measurement. There is therefore a significant opportunity to develop a real-space, non-invasive magnetic sensor capable of studying magnetic order at sub-10 nm spatial resolution and sub-T/Hz DC field sensitivities.The nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect center in diamond is an exceptionally versatile single spin system with unique quantum properties that have driven its application in diverse areas ranging from quantum information and photonics to quantum metrology [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Cryogenic scanning magnetometry stands out as potentially the most impactful application of NV centers, taking advantage of the exquisite magnetic field sensitivity and intrinsic atomic scale of the NV center for high resolution imaging 20 . The operation of an NV-based magnetic probe is dependent on a fundamentally different sensing principle than other imaging methods, namely the spin-dependent photolum...

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Section: Cryogenic Magnetic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

et al. 2016

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“…The growth of ultrapure isotopically modified diamond and subsequent nitrogen implantation make it possible to engineer NV centers close to the diamond surface [9][10][11][12] and therefore in close proximity to the piezomagnetic material layer. This allows for the detection of changes in the stray magnetic field [3,[13][14][15][16][17] generated by the piezomagnetic material due to an external stress. We find that the effect of pressure on the NV-center spin can be enhanced by three orders of magnitude when compared to the effect of the direct application of stress on the diamond [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid sensors based on colour centres in diamond and piezoactive layers

Cai¹,

Jelezko²,

Plenio³

2014

Nat Commun

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The ability to measure weak signals such as pressure, force, electric field, and temperature with nanoscale devices and high spatial resolution offers a wide range of applications in fundamental and applied sciences. Here we present a proposal for a hybrid device composed of thin film layers of diamond with color centers implanted and piezo-active elements for the transduction and measurement of a wide variety of physical signals. The magnetic response of a piezomagnetic layer to an external stress or a stress induced by the change of electric field and temperature is shown to affect significantly the spin properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Under ambient conditions, realistic environmental noise and material imperfections, our detailed numerical studies show that this hybrid device can achieve significant improvements in sensitivity over the pure diamond based approach in combination with nanometer scale spatial resolution. Beyond its applications in quantum sensing the proposed hybrid architecture offers novel possibilities for engineering strong coherent couplings between nanomechanical oscillator and solid state spin qubits.Introduction.-The sensitive measurement of signals, such as force, pressure, electric field, temperature, with high spatial resolution possesses a wide range of applications in physics, engineering and the life sciences. Conventional methods, e.g. for pressure detection can usually operate at length scales down to the micron scale. Going beyond this regime whilst retaining highest sensitivity represents a significant challenge.

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“…To perform magnetic resonance imaging, a microscale (~µm sized) sample of NMR-active material is attached to the cantilever of a commercial scanning probe microscope and scanned across this singlepixel detection volume in contact mode. This technique effectively slides the NV sensor over the surface of the sample and is therefore conceptually equivalent to a scanning NV center attached to a probe tip, as it is commonly employed for imaging of static magnetic fields 12,20,21 . To unambiguously demonstrate the detection of nuclear spins from the scanning sample we recorded NMR spectra while engaging or retracting a fluorinated tip on the NV center ( Fig.…”

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Nanoscale nuclear magnetic imaging with chemical contrast

et al. 2015

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Scanning probe microscopy is one of the most versatile windows into the nanoworld, providing imaging access to a variety of sample properties, depending on the probe employed.Tunneling probes map electronic properties of samples 1 , magnetic and photonic probes image their magnetic and dielectric structure 2,3 while sharp tips probe mechanical properties like surface topography, friction or stiffness 4 . Most of these observables, however, are accessible only under limited circumstances. For instance, electronic properties are measurable only on conducting samples while atomic-resolution force microscopy requires careful preparation of samples in ultrahigh vacuum 5,6 or liquid environments 7 .Here we demonstrate a scanning probe imaging method that extends the range of accessible quantities to label-free imaging of chemical species operating on arbitrary samples -including insulating materials -under ambient conditions. Moreover, it provides three-dimensional depth information, thus revealing subsurface features. We achieve these results by recording nuclear magnetic resonance signals from a sample surface with a recently introduced scanning probe, a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. We demonstrate NMR imaging with 10 nm resolution and achieve chemically specific contrast by separating fluorine from hydrogen rich regions.Our result opens the door to scanning probe imaging of the chemical composition and atomic structure of arbitrary samples. A method with these abilities will find widespread application in material science even on biological specimens down to the level of single macromolecules.The development of a scanning probe sensor able to image nuclear spins has been a long and outstanding goal of nanoscience, proposed shortly after the invention of scanning probe microscopy itself 8 . To date, this goal is most closely met by magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM), an extension of atomic-force-microscopy with sensitivity to spins, which has successfully imaged nanoscale distributions of nuclear spins in three dimensions 9 .However, its operation is experimentally challenging, requiring low (sub-Kelvin) temperature and long (weeks/image) acquisition times, which has so far precluded its adoption as a routine technique. To surmount these problems, single electron spins with optical readout capability have been proposed as an alternative local probe for spin distributions 10 . This complementary approach has become a realistic prospect since recent research has established the nitrogenvacancy center, a color defect in diamond 11 , as a candidate system for this scheme 12,13 . This center serves as an atomic-sized magnetic field sensor, which has proven sufficiently sensitive to detect the field of single nuclear spins in its diamond lattice environment [14][15][16] as well as ensembles of 10-10 4 spins in a nanometer-sized sample volume on the diamond surface [17][18][19] .Here we employ a single NV center as a scanning probe to image distributions of nuclear spins in an external sample. All our ...

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Stray-field imaging of magnetic vortices with a single diamond spin

Cited by 150 publications

References 33 publications

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

Hybrid sensors based on colour centres in diamond and piezoactive layers

Nanoscale nuclear magnetic imaging with chemical contrast

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