Stream sediment geochemistry as a tool for enhancing geological understanding: An overview of new data from south west England

Kirkwood, Charlie; Everett, Paul; Ferreira, António Miguel Pereira Jorge; Lister, Bob

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.01.010

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…First-order stream sediment geochemistry is also strongly controlled by the geochemistry of the underlying lithology. This strong relationship between bedrock and stream sediment geochemistry is widely documented (e.g., Caritat & Cooper, 2016;Kirkwood et al, 2016b;D. B. Smith et al, 2013).…”

Section: Observed Source Region Chemistry: G-base Inventorymentioning

confidence: 79%

River Sediment Geochemistry as a Conservative Mixture of Source Regions: Observations and Predictions From the Cairngorms, UK

et al. 2020

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Section: Observed Source Region Chemistry: G-base Inventorymentioning

confidence: 79%

River Sediment Geochemistry as a Conservative Mixture of Source Regions: Observations and Predictions From the Cairngorms, UK

et al. 2020

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“…Darnley, 1990;Grunsky et al, 2009;McKinley et al, 2016) and therefore has the potential to improve our understanding of both underlying geology (e.g. Kirkwood et al, 2016b) and the surface environment (e.g. Filzmoser et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmixing and mapping components of Northern Ireland’s geochemical composition using FastICA and random forests

Kirkwood¹,

Cooper²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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There is an increasing trend for the collection of multi-sensory quantitative data to support the mapping of geology and environment. In the United Kingdom and Ireland this trend has been led by the Tellus mapping programmes; large scale multidisciplinary surveys which have collected quantitative data by a combination of geophysical survey from the air and geochemical survey on the ground. Such datasets contain a huge amount of geological and environmental information. However, these datasets have tended to be analysed on a variable-by-variable basis rather than as an integrated representation of a single geoenvironmental system. Using the example of Northern Ireland, this paper presents a demonstration of the quality of information that can be extracted through an integrated approach using modern data analytics. Two tools are used: FastICA independent component analysis to unmix the full composition of Northern Ireland’s soil geochemistry into meaningful components, and the random forest machine learning algorithm to map these components in high-resolution according to their relationships with geophysical parameters. We find that when unmixed to eight independent components, each explaining different aspects of geological and surficial processes, the geochemical features of Northern Ireland can be interpreted concisely. High resolution mapping aids this interpretation, with the random forest approach providing more accurate maps than traditional IDW interpolation for all but one of the components. In addition, by recombining the high resolution maps of independent components into a ternary colour image, a highly detailed output is produced in which all the features of the region’s traditional geological map (and more) can be seen, all as a continuous and accurate fully quantitative representation of Northern Ireland’s geochemical composition.

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“…The geology and mineral deposits of south-west England are diverse [1]. A recent review of the geology [2] as a result of a geochemical survey of stream sediments identifies 16 geological domains ( Figure 1) with five major granites playing an important role in the formation of mineralised zones where mining operations have been located. Exploitation of mineral deposits containing economically attractive (Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Au, Ag etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Link between Soil Geochemistry in South-West England and Human Exposure to Soil Arsenic

et al. 2018

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The aim of this research is to use the whole soil geochemistry and selected bioaccessibility measurements, using the BioAcessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) method, on the same soils to identify the geochemical controls on arsenic (As) bioaccessibility and to gain an understanding of its spatial distribution in south-west England. The total element concentrations of 1154 soils were measured with As concentrations ranging from 4.7–1948 mg·kg−1, with the bioaccessible As of 50 selected soils ranging from 0.6–237 mg·kg−1. A Self Modelling Mixture Resolution approach was applied to the total soil element chemistry to identify the intrinsic soil constituents (ISCs). The ISCs were used as predictor variables and As bioaccessibility as the dependant variables in a regression model for the prediction of As bioaccessibility at all soil locations to examine its regional spatial distribution. This study has shown that bioaccessibility measurements can be directly linked to the geochemical properties of soils. In summary, it seems the primary source of bioaccessible As comes from soils developed directly over the mineralised areas surrounding the granite intrusions. Secondary sources of bioaccessible As are derived from As that has been mobilised from the primary mineralised source and then re-absorbed onto clay material, Fe oxides and carbonate coatings. This information can be of direct use for land development, since land contamination can affect the health of people living, working, visiting or otherwise present on a site.

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Stream sediment geochemistry as a tool for enhancing geological understanding: An overview of new data from south west England

Cited by 65 publications

References 43 publications

River Sediment Geochemistry as a Conservative Mixture of Source Regions: Observations and Predictions From the Cairngorms, UK

River Sediment Geochemistry as a Conservative Mixture of Source Regions: Observations and Predictions From the Cairngorms, UK

Unmixing and mapping components of Northern Ireland’s geochemical composition using FastICA and random forests

The Link between Soil Geochemistry in South-West England and Human Exposure to Soil Arsenic

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