“…Streamwater temperature prediction approaches proposed in the past mainly included physically-based, temperature equilibrium concept-based or simple statistical models (Webb et al, 2008;Wehrly et al, 2009;Bustillo et al, 2014). In recent years various kinds of deterministic models (Caissie et al, 2007), data-driven approaches (St-Hilaire et al, 2012;Grbic et al, 2013;Cole et al, 2014) or artificial neural networks (ANNs) (Sahoo et al, 2006;Sivri et al, 2007;Chenard and Caissie, 2008;Sahoo et al, 2009;Daigle et al, 2009;Faruk, 2010;McKenna et al, 2010;Jeong et al, 2013;Napiorkowski et al, 2014;Piotrowski et al, 2014;Hadzima-Nyarko et al, 2014;Rabi et al, in press) have been applied to this task. In some studies (Sahoo et al, 2009;Bustillo et al, 2014) regression and ANN models are claimed to perform not worse than the more sophisticated empirical or heat budget-based models.…”