Streamflow characteristics at streamgages in northern Afghanistan and selected locations

Olson, Scott A.; Williams-Sether, Tara

doi:10.3133/ds529

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Discrepancies between the land classifications listed in Table II and the snow classifications listed in Table III apparently result from differing source data and classification methodologies. The limited available hydrological data throughout Afghanistan before the early 1980s has been compiled and analysed (Williams-Sether, 2008;Olson and Williams-Sether, 2010;Vining, 2010). The prominent feature of the hydrological cycle of rivers originating in the mountains of Afghanistan is the annual peak discharges occurring in late winter or spring.…”

Section: Afghanistan Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the snow conditions in the major watersheds of Afghanistan using multispectral and passive microwave remote sensing

Daly

Vuyovich

Deeb

et al. 2012

Hydrological Processes

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Since the winter season of 2004–2005, annual snow assessments have been conducted for the major watersheds of Afghanistan using multispectral (AVHRR and MODIS) and passive microwave (SSM/I and AMSR‐E) remote sensing technologies. Because of limited ground‐based observations of precipitation and snow pack conditions, remote sensing provides a unique opportunity to assess these conditions at different scales offering an appraisal of current conditions from a historical context. This paper describes the methodology that has been developed over the past seven winter seasons, wherein bi‐weekly snow products and assessments are produced including the following: current snow‐covered area (SCA) at regional and watershed scales; estimation of SCA by elevation band; current snowpack volume [snow water equivalent (SWE)] for each watershed with a historical perspective (1987–present); snow condition outlook by watershed; general summary of snow conditions based on remote sensing products and limited ground‐based observations; and if warranted, a snow melt flooding advisory. Further analysis of these snow products and assessments are presented. Moreover, comparisons between both available passive microwave estimates of SWE (SSM/I and AMSR‐E) for all watersheds differ in magnitude yet exhibit similar historical trends. The SSM/I versus AMSR‐E historical differences in SWE for each of the major Afghanistan watersheds are quantified and show a strong relationship (R2 = 96%) to the mean elevation of the watershed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Afghanistan Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the snow conditions in the major watersheds of Afghanistan using multispectral and passive microwave remote sensing

Daly

Vuyovich

Deeb

et al. 2012

Hydrological Processes

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“…Agromet, Afghanistan Agrometeorological Project; km, kilometers; m, meters; mm, millimeters; °C, degrees Celsius] 2003Precipitation 1957-1977Streamflow 1965-1980 Figure 2. Mean monthly precipitation in Kabul, Afghanistan, from 1957through 1977(Favre and Kamal, 2004 and from 2003 through 2012 (Afghanistan Agrometeorological Project, 2013) and mean monthly streamflow at the Chakari River between 1965 and 1980 (Olson and Williams-Sether, 2010).…”

Section: Climate and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4; also known as DACAAR groundwater monitoring well 4) in Khurd Kabul village since 2005 (Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees, 2001). Historical streamflow measurements collected by the Afghanistan Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) (Olson and Williams-Sether, 2010) were used to assess recharge to the Chakari Basin.…”

Section: Hydrogeologic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, Afghan identification number 1-9.R00-4W) was operated by the MEW from May 26, 1965, through September 30, 1980. The mean annual streamflow for the period of record is 0.31 cubic meters per second (m 3 /s; 26,784 m 3 /d), with a standard deviation of 0.12 m 3 /s (Olson and Williams-Sether, 2010). The mean annual precipitation at Kabul between 1957 and 1977 was 330 mm (Afghanistan Ministry of Water and Power, 1981).…”

Section: Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeology and water quality of the Chakari Basin, Afghanistan

Mack¹,

Chornack²,

Flanagan³

et al. 2014

Scientific Investigations Report

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Delta notation for reporting of isotope data.-Stable isotope data are reported as a ratio relative to the ratio of a standard. For example, 18 O/ 16 O of a sample is compared with 18 O/ 16 O of a standard by the relation: δ 18 O = (Rsample/Rstandard-1) × 1,000, where Rsample = 18 O/ 16 O in the sample, Rstandard = 18 O/ 16 O in the standard, and δ 18 O = relative difference in concentration, in parts per thousand (per mil). Delta 18 O (δ 18 O) is referred to as delta notation and is the value reported by isotopic laboratories for stable isotope analysis. Deuterium, designated as δ 2 H, can be derived by analogy to δ 18 O where the ratio 2 H:H replaces 18 O/ 16 O in Rsample and Rstandard. The standard used for determining δ 18 O and δ 2 H in water used in this report is Vienna standard mean ocean water (VSMOW). If δ 18 O and δ 2 H samples contain more of the heavier isotopes (18 O or 2 H) than the reference material, the samples have positive per mil values and are referred to as heavier than the reference material or as being enriched in the heavier isotope. Conversely, if the samples contain more of the lighter isotopes (16 O or H) than the reference material, the samples have negative per mil values and are referred to as lighter than the reference material or as being depleted in the heavier isotope. For example, a δ 18 O value of-18.15 per mil can be referred to as lighter than VSMOW or depleted in 18 O relative to VSMOW. Place names given in this report are anglicized translations from the Dari language; however, there may not be a universally accepted English language translation for many names. This report attempts to use the most commonly used translation where possible, but the reader is cautioned that other variants of names may be in use.

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“…From 2006 to 2010, in cooperation with the MEW, the USGS recovered daily streamflow data from historical documents, converted those data into digital form, and loaded the data into the USGS National Water Information System for Afghanistan. Historical streamflow characteristics, including monthly and annual discharge, monthly and annual flow durations, annual peak discharges, and monthly and annual mean discharges, were published in Williams-Sether (2008), Williams-Sether (2010), andVining (2010).…”

Section: Surface Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water resources activities of the U.S. geological survey in Afghanistan from 2004 through 2014 / by Thomas J. Mack, Michael P. Chomak, Kevin C. Vining, Saud A. Amer, M. Fahim Zaheer and Jack H. Medlin.

2014

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Streamflow characteristics at streamgages in northern Afghanistan and selected locations

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of the snow conditions in the major watersheds of Afghanistan using multispectral and passive microwave remote sensing

Assessment of the snow conditions in the major watersheds of Afghanistan using multispectral and passive microwave remote sensing

Hydrogeology and water quality of the Chakari Basin, Afghanistan

Water resources activities of the U.S. geological survey in Afghanistan from 2004 through 2014 / by Thomas J. Mack, Michael P. Chomak, Kevin C. Vining, Saud A. Amer, M. Fahim Zaheer and Jack H. Medlin.

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