Streaming, disruptive interference and power-law behavior in the exit dynamics of confined pedestrians

Tapang, Giovanni; Lim, May; Saloma, Caesar

doi:10.1016/s0378-4371(02)00987-1

Cited by 79 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In principle, only initial configurations where no person is placed in the two rows closest to the door could be chosen, in order to prevent the premature occurrence of jamming [11]. However, for the geometry and number of persons studied in this paper, this is not a relevant effect.…”

Section: Simulation Results: Room Without Obstaclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] and references therein, [2][3][4]). Collective behaviors studied include jam formation, clogging, ''faster-is-slower'' effect, oscillation at doors and lane formation, among others [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Various scenarios have been considered, such as escape panic [12], evacuation in conditions of poor visibility [13], egress from aircraft [14], pedestrian counterflows [7,10,15,16], motion in T-shaped channels [9] or through bottlenecks [17], or the effects of kin behavior [18] and competitive/ cooperative behavior [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various scenarios have been considered, such as escape panic [12], evacuation in conditions of poor visibility [13], egress from aircraft [14], pedestrian counterflows [7,10,15,16], motion in T-shaped channels [9] or through bottlenecks [17], or the effects of kin behavior [18] and competitive/ cooperative behavior [14]. Several models have been proposed to study these systems, including molecular dynamics [6,12], lattice gas [7,9,13,17,19,20] and cellular automata (CA) models [5,11,[14][15][16][21][22][23]. CA models are a particularly interesting choice, since, in spite of its computational simplicity, they are able to model individual and collective behavior of pedestrian dynamics observed experimentally and described by other, more complex models [5,11,14,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several models have been proposed to study these systems, including molecular dynamics [6,12], lattice gas [7,9,13,17,19,20] and cellular automata (CA) models [5,11,[14][15][16][21][22][23]. CA models are a particularly interesting choice, since, in spite of its computational simplicity, they are able to model individual and collective behavior of pedestrian dynamics observed experimentally and described by other, more complex models [5,11,14,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cellular automaton model for evacuation process with obstacles

Varas

Cornejo

Mainemer

et al. 2007

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

363

170

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A bidimensional cellular automaton model is used to simulate the process of evacuation of pedestrians in a room with fixed obstacles. A floor field is defined so that moving to a cell with lower floor field means approaching an exit door. The model becomes non-deterministic by introducing a ''panic'' parameter, given by a probability of not moving, and by a random choice to resolve conflicts in the update of pedestrian positions. Two types of exit doors are considered: single (where only one person can pass) and double (two persons can pass simultaneously). For a double door, the longest evacuation time turns out to occur for a very traditional location of the door. The optimum door position is determined. Replacing the double door by two single doors does not improve evacuation times noticeably. On the other hand, for a room without obstacles, a simple scaling law is proposed to model the dependence of evacuation time with the number of persons and exit width. This model fails when obstacles are present, as their presence introduces local bottlenecks whose effect outweighs the benefits of increasing door width beyond a certain threshold. r

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Section: Simulation Results: Room Without Obstaclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cellular automaton model for evacuation process with obstacles

Varas

Cornejo

Mainemer

et al. 2007

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

363

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The walking direction and speed can be different from cell to cell depending on the geometry and aim of the pedestrians. In crowd research, CA have been applied in various problem domains including the study of exit dynamics of occupant evacuation (Daoliang et al, 2006) and the exit dynamics of pedestrians in a room (Perez et al, 2002). CAs have also been applied to study the effect of obstacles by simulating the evacuation process from a room with and without obstacles and to simulate bi-directional pedestrian movement (Fang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowd simulation: a video observation and agent-based modelling approach

Mohamaddan

Case

2016

IJDH

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Human movement in a crowd can be considered as complex and unpredictable, and accordingly large scale video observation studies based on a conceptual behaviour framework were used to characterise individual movements and behaviours. The conceptual behaviours were Free Movement (Moving Through and Move-Stop-Move), Same Direction Movement (Queuing and Competitive) and Opposite Direction Movement (Avoiding and Passing Through). Movement in crowds was modelled and simulated using an agent-based method using the gaming software Dark BASIC Professional. The agents (individuals) were given parameters of personal objective, visual perception, speed of movement, personal space and avoidance angle or distance within different crowd densities. Two case studies including a multi-mode transportation system layout and a bottleneck / non-bottleneck evacuation are presented.

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