Streamline Simulation Technology: Evolution and Recent Trends

Al-Najem, Abdullah A.; Siddiqui, Shameem; Soliman, Mohamed Y.; Yuen, Bevan

doi:10.2118/160894-ms

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The streamline simulation is a numerical modeling that uses an implicit calculation for solving pressure equation as well as an explicit estimation for solving saturation/conservation equation (Al-Najem et al, 2012). The software simulator is Petrel 2017 Schlumberger; starting with several input data, then building 3D grid initially.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tracer Streamline Practice for Re-Evaluation Waterflood Pattern to Introduce a Cyclic Water Injection Scheme

Putra

Futur

Umar

2021

J. Geoscience Eng. Environ. Technol.

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Waterflood introduces in the oil field a couple of years ago. Several waterflood schemes have been implemented in the fields to get the best incremental oil, such as peripheral injection, pattern waterflood, and etcetera. Many waterflood schemes are not working properly to boost the oil recovery due to unpredicted and unexpected water tide array. Then, the tracer practice started to be used for getting a better picture of the transmissibility reservoir as well as the direction of water pathway. This practice honors the parameters, such pressure, water cut, GOR, and rates. The streamline modeling is used to map the tracer, and it concludes that the selection of location of the injector should be based on the highest oil recovery achieved. Subsequently, the cyclic water injection method is one alternative. Apparently, this approach yields a quantify incremental recovery. This research utilizes the pressure different approach to figure out the route of water in the formation. The inter-well tracer technique in this modeling study is a tool to review communication between injectors and producers in the existing pattern. Many scenario should be tried to find the best options for the new pattern opportunities. In parallel, a innovative scheme of waterflood technique should be implemented too for escalating oil recovery. The stream pathway observes a new potential of the waterflood scheme. It is called "cyclic injection" scheme. The novelty of this approach is the ability to solve the poor sweep efficiency due to improper pathway of water influx in the oil bearing".

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tracer Streamline Practice for Re-Evaluation Waterflood Pattern to Introduce a Cyclic Water Injection Scheme

Putra

Futur

Umar

2021

J. Geoscience Eng. Environ. Technol.

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“…It is a streamline simulator which represents fluid flow in a reservoir by implementing Darcy's law and mass conservation equations. In this simulator, approximate changes in pressure and saturation distribution with time are obtained by solving pressure and saturation/conservation equations (Al-Najem et al, 2012). Such an approach is well-suited for the analysis of fluid flow characteristics with recovery curves and time of flights (TOFs) as outputs.…”

Section: Flow Simulation In Fractal-fracture Network and Their Dominant Sub-networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Flow in Fractal-Fracture Networks: Effect of Variable Aperture

Sahu

Roy

2021

Adv. Geosci.

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Abstract. While fractal models are often employed for describing the geometry of fracture networks, a constant aperture is mostly assigned to all the fractures when such models are flow simulated. In nature however, almost all fracture networks exhibit variable aperture values and it is this fracture aperture that controls the conductivity of individual fractures as described by the well-known cubic-law. It would therefore be of practical interest to investigate flow patterns in a fractal-fracture network where the apertures scale in accordance to their position in the hierarchy of the fractal. A set of synthetic fractal-fracture networks and two well-connected natural fracture maps that belong to the same fractal system are used for this purpose. A set of dominant sub-networks are generated from a given fractal-fracture map by systematically removing the smaller fracture segments with narrow apertures. The connectivity values of the fractal-fracture networks and their respective dominant sub-networks are then computed. Although a large number of fractures with smaller aperture are eliminated, no significant decrease is seen in the connectivity of the dominant sub-networks. A streamline simulator based on Darcy's law is used for flow simulating the fracture networks, which are conceptualized as two-dimensional fracture continuum models. A single high porosity value is assigned to all the fractures. The permeability assigned to fractures within the continuum model is based on their aperture values and there is nearly no matrix porosity and permeability. The recovery profiles and time-of-flight plots for each network and its dominant sub-networks at different time steps are compared. The results from both the synthetic networks and the natural data show that there is no significant decrease in fluid recovery in the dominant sub-networks compared to their respective parent fractal-fracture networks. It may therefore be concluded that in the case of such hierarchical fractal-fracture systems with scaled aperture, the smaller fractures do not significantly contribute to connectivity or fluid flow. In terms of decision making, this result will aid geoscientists and engineers in identifying only those fractures that ultimately matter in evaluating the flow recovery, thus building models that are computationally less expensive while being geologically realistic.

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“…16. Al-Najem et al (2012) alleged that analytical solutions could not account for changing well conditions such as infill wells. Such assertions are incorrect, as illustrated by our example of infill drilling (Fig.…”

Section: Arbitrary Producer Well Patterns Infill Drilling and Periphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of sweep zones in waterflooding: conceptual insight based on flow visualizations of oil-withdrawal contours and waterflood time-of-flight contours using complex potentials

Weijermars

Harmelen

2016

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Sweep zones are traced in synthetic reservoir models of waterflood advancement based on potential functions. Time-of-flight contours, oil-withdrawal contours and streamlines corresponding to fluid withdrawal paths are visualized. The effects of differential well rates on waterflood sweep regions for a range of well architectures are systematically investigated using reservoirs that are continuous isotropic with and without impervious fault barriers. Complex potentials are capable of solving the drainage path for any constellation of producer and injection wells, accounting for any discontinuities that affect the flow path and productivity of the wells. Flood patterns are visualized for a series of doublets and 7-spot well patterns. Loss of planned drainage symmetry occurs when an undiscovered fault barrier obstructs and diverts the waterflood. Our method is assumed effective in illustrating the value of analytical streamline simulations for first-order assessment of sweep patterns in hydrocarbon field produced with waterflooding. The critical impact of injection rates and fault barriers on the shape of the waterflooding patterns is visualized in detail. The analytical streamline simulator allows tracing of the respective flow paths of displacing oil and water in the reservoir and visualizes both oil-withdrawal contours and waterflood time-of-flight contours. Generic rules are formulated to aid sweep maximization both prior to drilling and during the surveillance of producing wells. Keywords Reservoir simulations Á Complex potentials Á Improved oil recovery Á Flood management Á Well surveillance Abbreviations AEM Analytical element method b Fault orientation angle d Distance of well pair in doublet Dt Time step EOR Enhanced oil recovery FD Finite difference K Permeability K Number of injectors l Fault half-length d s Conformal mapping angle MLA Multivariate lower algorithms h Reservoir thickness m s Well strength n Number of producers Q p Flux of producer Q i Flux of injector RF Recovery factor t Runtime V(z) Velocity field WAF Well allocation factor z Complex variable * Non-dimensional form of asterisked parameter

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Streamline Simulation Technology: Evolution and Recent Trends

Cited by 29 publications

References 128 publications

A Tracer Streamline Practice for Re-Evaluation Waterflood Pattern to Introduce a Cyclic Water Injection Scheme

A Tracer Streamline Practice for Re-Evaluation Waterflood Pattern to Introduce a Cyclic Water Injection Scheme

Evaluating Flow in Fractal-Fracture Networks: Effect of Variable Aperture

Advancement of sweep zones in waterflooding: conceptual insight based on flow visualizations of oil-withdrawal contours and waterflood time-of-flight contours using complex potentials

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