Strength and Micro Observations on a Lime Treated Silty Soil

A unified failure criterion for unstabilized rammed earth materials upon varying relative humidity conditions

“…This soil has already been the subject of many studies in the past for other applications [20,37]. So, it represents a referential material which has been already extensively characterized for other purposes.…”

Two-staged kinetics of moduli evolution with time of a lime treated soil under different curing temperatures

“…The mixture of small quantities of chemical binders, such as lime, can improve significantly the strength and stiffness of fine grained soils to suit the engineering needs of construction projects, often resulting in cost savings and other tangible benefits for both the project and the owner [1][2][3]. This improvement effect on mechanical properties is generally observed in two distinct stages: the first is considered to occur over the few days immediately after mixing and the second can start days or weeks later and can be observed over long periods of time [4][5][6]. The soil treatment with lime consists of adding and mixing lime with soil in presence of water, resulting in several physicochemical modifications of the soil, such as: cationic exchange, flocculation, carbonation and pozzolanic reaction [7,8].…”

Continuous stiffness assessment of cement-stabilised soils from early age

“…For this purpose, chemical additives for stabilisation have been used for several years (Ingles & Metcalf, 1972;Dupas & Pecker, 1979;Bell, 1996), with extensive applications in Europe, in the USA, and throughout the world (Dupas & Pecker, 1979;Bell, 1996;Bartlett & Farnsworth, 2002;Kolias et al, 2005;Hossain et al, 2007;Jackson et al, 2007). In fact, significant benefits to the strength and stiffness of soils can be achieved by incorporating small quantities of additives, such as lime (Bell, 1996;Al-Mukhtar et al, 2010;Jauberthie et al, 2010;Verbrugge et al, 2011) or cement (Sariosseiri & Muhunthan, 2009;Viana da Fonseca et al, 2009a;Ajorloo et al, 2012). Despite numerous applications of cement in soil stabilisation, there are no general performance-based dosage methodologies established on rational criteria, such as those commonly applied in concrete technology Viana da Fonseca et al, 2009a).…”

“…In this context, the most commonly characterised mechanical properties are the compressive strength and stiffness modulus. In view of its relevance for the actual service life of structures using stabilised soil, stiffness (or deformability) is considered to be of the utmost importance (Atkinson, 2000;Puppala, 2008); however, it is more difficult to characterise than compressive strength (Atkinson, 2000;Gomes Correia et al, 2009b;Verbrugge et al, 2011), mainly because of the non-linear behaviour of soils.…”