Strength and stiffness of glulam beams reinforced with glass and basalt fibres

Thorhallsson, Eythor Rafn; Hinriksson, Guðmundur Ingi; Snæbjörnsson, Jónas Þór

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.074

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In recent years, many researchers have published works regarding the experimental and numerical investigations of wood and wooden hybrid structures, e.g., experimentally [11,12], analytically [13][14][15], and numerically [16][17][18], as discussed by the authors of [19], who focused particularly on the application of the study of modern architecture, where windows of long widths and large heights are used. For this purpose, the bending stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and flexural rigidity of hybrid beams, reinforced with aluminium, were compared through experimental analysis, using a four-point bending test method, with those of reference wooden beams where the Norway spruce was used as the basic wood species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood

Fajdiga

Rajh

Nečemer

et al. 2019

Forests

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The objective of this paper is the computational and experimental study of the fracture behavior of spruce wood under quasi-static loading conditions during a three-point bending test. The experimental tests were performed on the electronic testing machine Zwick Z100 (Zwick-Roell GmbH & Co. KG, Ulm, Germany) with displacement control, according to the standard International Standard Organisation (ISO) 13061-4: 2014. The specimens were made of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood, with dimensions of 25 mm × 25 mm in cross-section and 549 mm in length. Six tests were performed for each orientation (radial and tangential) of the wood fibres. Based on the experimental results, the computational model was created and validated by considering the mechanical responses in two different directions due to the orientation of the wood fibres. An orthotropic material model with damage evolution was selected as the computational model. The computational model was validated using the inverse procedure for the determination of the constitutive material parameters, including the damage parameters of three-point bending test specimens. A finite element method (FEM) in the framework of program package ABAQUS was used for the computational simulation, while the open code Optimax was used for the optimization procedure. Comparison between the experimental and computational force vs. the displacement response showed a very good correlation in the results for the spruce wood specimens under three-point bending tests, with Pearson′s correlation coefficient of r = 0.994 for the tangential and r = 0.988 for the radial orientation. Therefore, validation of the proposed computational model was confirmed, and can be used further in numerical simulations of the fatigue behavior of wood specimens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood

Fajdiga

Rajh

Nečemer

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Over the last twenty years, many studies have been performed with regard to the flexural rigidity and load-bearing capacity of hybrid beams; not only experimentally [5][6][7][8], but also analytically [9][10][11][12][13][14] and numerically [15][16][17][18][19]. In most of the mentioned studies much larger cross sections than those used for windows were investigated (e.g., up to 500 mm in height) [12,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different reinforcing materials have been used in many studies to improve the bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity of wooden beams. Steel profiles [5,9,12], glass-fibre reinforced polymer profiles (GFRP (glass-fibre reinforced polymer) profiles) [6,14,18], and carbon-fibre reinforced polymer profiles (CFRP (carbon-fibre reinforced polymer) profiles) [7,11,15,19] are the most common, but the Forests 2018, 9,703 3 of 16 effect of many others has also been investigated; e.g., basalt fibres [13], hemp, flax, basalt, and bamboo fibre reinforcements [21], as well as concrete in combination with wood [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bending Stiffness, Load-Bearing Capacity and Flexural Rigidity of Slender Hybrid Wood-Based Beams

Šubic¹,

Fajdiga

Lopatič

2018

Forests

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Modern architecture suggests the use of opened spaces with large transparent envelope surfaces. Therefore, windows of long widths and large heights are needed. In order to withstand the wind loads, such wooden windows can be reinforced with stiffer materials, such as aluminium (Al), glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), and carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP). The bending stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and flexural rigidity of hybrid beams, reinforced with aluminium, were compared through experimental analysis, using a four-point bending tests method, with those of reference wooden beams. The largest increases in bending stiffness (29%-39%), load-bearing capacity (33%-45%), and flexural rigidity (43%-50%) were observed in the case of the hybrid beams, with the highest percentage of reinforcements (12.9%-six reinforcements in their tensile and six reinforcements in their compressive zone). The results of the experiments confirmed the high potential of using hybrid beams to produce large wooden windows, for different wind zones, worldwide.

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“…Analysis of studies conducted over the past decade [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], the most common material is carbon fiber or carbon plastics, having a number of advantages: high specific strength, corrosion resistance, low heat and electrical conductivity, as well as environmentally friendly material -non-toxic. Strengthening of wooden structures is carried out either by gluing the rods at different angles to the structure, or by layers, between the glued layers of planks, or by external reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A research of stress/strain condition of reinforced timber structures with natural weakenings

Shchelokova

2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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In recent decades building structures are faced with more serious demands in a broad sense of this term, but in this case the lumber quality is gradually lowered due to large volumes of consummation along with sufficient time, needed to reproduce a stock lumber. As a result, there is a need for a more detailed and in-depth study of the influence of low-grade wood defects on the work of wooden structures. One of the methods to improve characteristics of structures, made with low-grade lumber is a reinforcement of these. The objective of the research below is to determine a degree of influence of a cross-sectional natural weakenings (such as knots) to a stress/strain condition of reinforced timber beams. The main research methods are as follows: mathematical calculations, computer modeling in the software “Cosmos/M” and an experiment. The methodic of an experiment planning is based on the “Latin Squares” principle [1]. The square is designed for three primary factors, each of which consists of three variants. The results of the research work are shown in form of graphs and tables. The main conclusions made after the research: the deformation of the reinforced beams is from 15 to 20% lower, as compared with non-reinforced; crushing of reinforced beams with weakened cross-section takes place without a sharp state of a former because of a supporting influence of reinforcement in tensioned zone and reliable connection of reinforcement with wood, which is ensured by a glued joint until the crushing of the timber. The safety factor of reinforced timber structures varies from 3 to 5.07.

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Strength and stiffness of glulam beams reinforced with glass and basalt fibres

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood

Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood

Bending Stiffness, Load-Bearing Capacity and Flexural Rigidity of Slender Hybrid Wood-Based Beams

A research of stress/strain condition of reinforced timber structures with natural weakenings

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