Strength development in soft marine clay stabilized by fly ash and calcium carbide residue based geopolymer

Strengthening montmorillonitic and kaolinitic clays using a calcium-based non-traditional additive: A micro-level study

“…Additionally, many non-traditional stabilizing compounds have a proprietary chemical composition, which makes it difficult to evaluate the chemical stabilizing mechanisms that may occur for a given soil type, and which also consequently makes it difficult to predict their performance for use as a soil stabilizer in practice. In recent years, a number of researchers have reported on engineering property improvement of soils stabilized with non-traditional calcium-based additives (e.g., Horpibulsuk et al, 2012Horpibulsuk et al, , 2013Hossain and Mol, 2011;Kampala and Horpibulsuk, 2013;Latifi et al, 2016aLatifi et al, , 2016cMarto et al, 2014;Peethamparan et al, 2008;Sukmak et al, 2013;Turkoz et al, 2014;Phetchuay et al, 2016 andPhummiphan et al, 2015). Little information is readily available on the corresponding mineralogical, morphological, molecular and microfabric characteristics of high swelling and non-swelling low strength clays that are stabilized with non-traditional additives; this information is essential for understanding the chemical stabilization mechanisms that are involved with non-traditional additives (Tingle et al, 2007).…”

Calcium‐Based Sustainable Chemical Technologies for Total Carbon Recycling

“…In addition to strengthening/stabilization, FA significantly improves the resistance of soil to the absorption of water. Various OPC‐free CCR–FA mixtures were trialed to enhance the strength of a problematic silty clay in Thailand, for problematic soil stabilization, soft marine clay stabilization, and for the manufacture of nonbearing masonry units . Nonbearing masonry units were also experimentally made from CCR in mixtures with WTS; a type of debris with a high content of SiO 2 .…”

“…Geopolymerization is possible even in the case of glass powder as as ource of silica. [166] In addition to strengthening/stabilization,F As ignificantly improves the resistance of soil to the absorption of water.V arious OPC-free CCR-FAm ixtures weret rialed to enhance the strength of ap roblematic silty clay in Thailand, [150] for problematic soil stabilization, [150,167] soft marine clays tabilization, [168] and for the manufacture of nonbearing masonry units. [169] Nonbearing masonry units werea lso experimentally made from CCR [150] FA [150] Silty clay [150] Hydrated lime [150] BA [151] Rice husk [152] Biomass ash [153] OPC [154] WTS [155] Bottoma sh [156] [155] The CCR-FAm ixtures provedt ob es trong enough to transform demolition waste (concrete aggregates,c rushed bricks, etc.)…”

Global CO2 Emission-Related Geotechnical Engineering Hazards and the Mission for Sustainable Geotechnical Engineering

“…According to recent studies, however, one of the typical geopolymers based on fly ash has lower initial strength characteristics compared to Portland cement, due to its slow and time-dependent strength gain rate [97,101], so heat-curing treatments to increase strength lead to in situ geotechnical limitations [96]. Despite a numbers of studies having been conducted to verify the strengthening efficiency of geopolymers compared to cement-based methodologies, further research about standards for testing and production, including the generalization of the water/geopolymer ratio, the Si/Al and Na/Al ratios, and the bond between reinforcement and geopolymer paste, are required for reliable in situ applications [100].…”