Strength of Intentional Effort Enhances the Sense of Agency

Minohara, Rin; Wen, Wen; Hamasaki, Shunsuke; Maeda, Takuya; Kato, Masaaki; Yamakawa, Hiroshi; Yamashita, Atsushi; Asama, Hajime

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01165

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Since participants in those studies rated positive and negative stimuli as equally arousing, arousal cannot readily explain such valence-dependent effects. Finally, two studies that specifically aimed to investigate effects of unspecific arousal on sense of agency both showed stronger sense of agency under high arousal conditions (Minohara et al 2016 ; Wen et al 2015 )—opposite to the effects of fear and anger states that we found here (high arousal states of negative valence).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…[for a thorough review of sense of agency research, please see (David et al 2008 ; Haggard 2017 )]. Two recent studies have demonstrated that unspecific arousal states (induced by colours or physical effort) increase people’s sense of agency over their actions (Minohara et al 2016 ; Wen et al 2015 ), while factors that decrease sense of agency will tend to reduce feelings of control and responsibility (Yoshie and Haggard 2013 , 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

I just lost it! Fear and anger reduce the sense of agency: a study using intentional binding

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two recent studies have demonstrated that increases in arousal states lead to an increase people’s sense of agency, i.e., the subjective experience of controlling one’s own voluntary actions (Minohara et al. in Front Psychol 7:1165, 2016; Wen et al. in Conscious Cogn 36:87–95, 2015). We here extend these findings by showing that arousal states with negative emotional valence, such as fear and anger, decrease sense of agency. Anger and fear are negative emotional states. Anecdotally, they are often invoked as reasons for losing control, and neuroscientific evidence confirms important effects on the brain’s action control systems. Surprisingly, the subjective experience of acting in anger or fear has scarcely been investigated experimentally. Thus, the legal notion that these intense emotions may undermine normal voluntary control over actions and outcomes (the ‘Loss of Control’, a partial defence for murder) lacks any clear evidence base. In three laboratory experiments, we measured sense of agency using an implicit measure based on time perception (the “intentional binding” paradigm). These actions occurred in either an emotionally neutral condition, or in a fearful (experiments 1 and 2) or angry state (experiment 3). In line with our hypotheses, fear or anger reduced the subjective sense of control over an action outcome, even though the objective causal link between action and outcome remained the same. This gap between the objective facts of agency, and a reduced subjective experience of agency under emotional conditions, has important implications for society and law. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00221-018-5461-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I just lost it! Fear and anger reduce the sense of agency: a study using intentional binding

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For "Slow, " participants were required (unintentional) to move their own hands faster to compensate for the visual lags they observed for the virtual hand. While greater intentional effort can produce greater agency (Minohara et al, 2016), greater unintentional effort may reduce perceived efficacy of user control, especially if it promotes feelings of inability to initiate faster speeds (Kawabe, 2013). In this study, slower and faster speed control of the virtual hand required participants to actually reach longer and shorter, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Agency and Performance of Reach-to-Grasp With Modified Control of a Virtual Hand: Implications for Rehabilitation

Nataraj

Sanford

Shah

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated how modified control of a virtual hand executing reach-to-grasp affects functional performance and agency (perception of control). The objective of this work was to demonstrate positive relationships between reaching performance and grasping agency and motivate greater consideration of agency in movement rehabilitation. We hypothesized that agency and performance have positive correlation across varying control modes of the virtual hand. In this study, each participant controlled motion of a virtual hand through motion of his or her own hand. Control of the virtual hand was modified according to a specific control mode. Each mode involved the virtual hand moving at a modified speed, having noise, or including a level of automation. These specific modes represent potential control features to adapt for a rehabilitation device such as a prosthetic arm and hand. In this study, significant changes in agency and performance were observed across the control modes. Overall, a significant positive relationship (p < 0.001) was observed between the primary performance metric of reach (tracking a minimum path length trajectory) and an implicit measurement of agency (intentional binding). Intentional binding was assessed through participant perceptions of time-intervals between grasp contact and a sound event. Other notable findings include improved movement efficiency (increased smoothness, reduced acceleration) during expression of higher agency and shift toward greater implicit versus explicit agency with higher control speed. Positively relating performance and agency incentivizes control adaptation of powered movement devices, such as prostheses or exoskeletons, to maximize both user engagement and functional performance. Agency-based approaches may foster user-device integration at a cognitive level and facilitate greater clinical retention of the device. Future work should identify robust and automated methods to adapt device control for increased agency. Objectives include how virtual reality (VR) may identify optimal control of real-world devices and assessing real-time agency from neurophysiological signals.

show abstract

“…The judgment of agency also involves sensorimotor integration, but its cognitive processes differ from delay detection, and are influenced by several additional factors, including intention and thoughts. For example, intentional effort [20] and goals [21] predictability [22] are reported to influence the explicit SoA. In addition, a previous study [23] reported the different time window of agency disruption compared with the present results, in which healthy participants were asked to judge SoA of their own hand, rather than a square object.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

The relationship and difference between delay detection ability and judgment of sense of agency

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Judgment of agency involves the comparison of motor intention and proprioceptive/visual feedback, in addition to a range of cognitive factors. However, few studies have experimentally examined the differences or correlations between delay detection ability and judgment of agency. Thus, the present study investigated the relationship between delay detection ability and agency judgment using the delay detection task and the agency attribution task. Fifty-eight participants performed the delay detection and agency attribution tasks, and the time windows of each measure were analyzed using logistic curve fitting. The results revealed that the time window of judgment of agency was significantly longer than that of delay detection, and there was a slight correlation between the time windows in each task. The results supported a two-step model of agency, suggesting that judgment of agency involved not only comparison of multisensory information but also several cognitive factors. The study firstly revealed the model in psychophysical experiments.

show abstract

Strength of Intentional Effort Enhances the Sense of Agency

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

I just lost it! Fear and anger reduce the sense of agency: a study using intentional binding

I just lost it! Fear and anger reduce the sense of agency: a study using intentional binding

Agency and Performance of Reach-to-Grasp With Modified Control of a Virtual Hand: Implications for Rehabilitation

The relationship and difference between delay detection ability and judgment of sense of agency

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About