Strength of Two-Dimensional Nodal Zones in Strut–Tie Models

Yun, Young Mook

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2006)132:11(1764)

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nodal zones at the applied load point would be classified as a CCC type, which is a hydrostatic node connecting two concrete struts and external applied load, whereas nodal zones at supports are CCT type anchoring the bottom horizontal tie to the diagonal concrete strut and support bearing area. In a CCC type nodal zone having equal stresses on all in-plane sides, the ratio of each face width of the hydrostatic node has to be the same as the ratio of forces meeting at the node to make the state of stresses in the whole node region constant [16,17,23]. Concrete stress levels in nodal zones must be controlled to allow for the safe transfer of forces, which depends on many factors, including the tensile straining from tension ties, confinement provided by reactions and concrete compression struts, and confinement provided by transverse reinforcement.…”

Section: Strut-and-tie Models Of Deep Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concrete stress levels in nodal zones must be controlled to allow for the safe transfer of forces, which depends on many factors, including the tensile straining from tension ties, confinement provided by reactions and concrete compression struts, and confinement provided by transverse reinforcement. A diverse range of limits on concrete stresses in different nodal zones was suggested in the literature [16,12,23]. Yun [23] conducted an extensive review on the approaches for evaluating nodal zone strength.…”

Section: Strut-and-tie Models Of Deep Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A diverse range of limits on concrete stresses in different nodal zones was suggested in the literature [16,12,23]. Yun [23] conducted an extensive review on the approaches for evaluating nodal zone strength. He concluded that all approaches checked the concrete compressive stress in the nodal zone boundary and proposed that non linear finite element analysis of the nodal zone must be conducted to accurately predict the limiting stresses within the nodal zone.…”

Section: Strut-and-tie Models Of Deep Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of plasticity theory to reinforced concrete deep beams: a review

Ashour

Yang

2008

Magazine of Concrete Research

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This paper reviews the application of the plasticity theory to reinforced concrete deep beams. Both the truss analogy and mechanism approach were employed to predict the capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams. In addition, most current codes of practice, for example Eurocode 1992 and ACI 318-05, recommend the strut-and-tie model for designing reinforced concrete deep beams. Compared with methods based on empirical or semi-empirical equations, the strut-and-tie model and mechanism analyses are more rational, adequately accurate and sufficiently simple for estimating the load capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams. However, there is a problem of selecting the effectiveness factor of concrete as reflected in the wide range of values reported in the literature for deep beams.

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Section: Strut-and-tie Models Of Deep Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strut-and-tie Models Of Deep Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strut-and-tie Models Of Deep Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of plasticity theory to reinforced concrete deep beams: a review

Ashour

Yang

2008

Magazine of Concrete Research

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“…Nodal zones in a S&T model are a design idealization of a more complex stress state in the regions where the demand is concentrated, due to a change in the load path (Yun 2006).…”

Section: Introduction: Continuity and Discontinuity Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Performance of RC Beams containing Tension-Only Nodes

Fernández-Ruiz

Gil‐Martín

Hernández‐Montes

2018

Int J Concr Struct Mater

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Strut and Tie (S&T) models are used for the design of what are known as ''discontinuity regions'' in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Building codes such as ACI-318 and Eurocode 2 do not give information on the nodes that only connect ties in S&T models (called TTT or tension-only nodes). However, their use is not explicitly prohibited in the design of RC structures. In this work, a comparison between solutions which have been designed both considering and not considering TTT nodes is evaluated. Four RC beams (designed with and without TTT nodes) were subjected to three-point bending. Experimental results show that TTT nodes are a good design solution for special cases of discontinuity regions in RC structures. However, the experimental campaign has proven that this type of node is more vulnerable to errors during construction than solutions designed without TTT nodes.

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“…)가 수행되었으며, 3차원 최적 스트럿-타이 모델의 선정에 관한 연구 (Leu et al, 2006;Lee, 2007) (Alshegeir, 1992;Foster and Gilbert, 1998;Hwang et al, 2000;Yun, 2000;ACI SP-208, 2002;Tjhin and Kuchma, 2002;Bakir and Boduroglu, 2005;MacGregor and Wight, 2005;Park et al, 2005;FIB, 2010;Kim and Yun, 2011 (Yun and Ramirez, 1996;Yun, 2000;Yun, 2005;Ha and Hong, 2005;Yun, 2006) 단계 1: 설계 대상영역의 3차원 무근콘크리트 유한요소해석모델 에서 콘크리트 스트럿의 종축과 만나는 유한요소들을 선정한다.…”

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Strut-Tie Model Approach Associated with 3-Dimensional Grid Elements for Design of Structural Concrete - (I) Proposal of Approach

Yun¹

2014

Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

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Although the strut-tie model approaches of current design codes are regarded as the valuable methods for designs of structural concretes with D-regions, the approaches have to be improved because of the uncertainties in terms of the concepts and provisions for designs of 3-dimensional structural concretes. To improve the uncertainties, a new strut-tie model approach is proposed in this study. In the proposed approach, the concepts of employing a 3-dimensional grid element allowing load transfers in all directions at a node to construct a strut-tie model, a numerical analysis approach to determine the effective strengths of concrete struts and nodal zones by reflecting the effects of reinforcing bars and 3-dimensional stress state, and maximum areas of struts and ties to examine their load carrying capacities are integrated into the strut-tie model approaches of current design codes.

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Strength of Two-Dimensional Nodal Zones in Strut–Tie Models

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Application of plasticity theory to reinforced concrete deep beams: a review

Application of plasticity theory to reinforced concrete deep beams: a review

Structural Performance of RC Beams containing Tension-Only Nodes

Strut-Tie Model Approach Associated with 3-Dimensional Grid Elements for Design of Structural Concrete - (I) Proposal of Approach

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