Strength Performance on Different Mix of Cement-Sand Ratio and Sand Condition for Lightweight Foamed Concrete

Lee, Yee Ling; Tan, Cher Siang; Lim, Siong Kang; Mohammad, Shahrin; Lim, Jae Han

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20186502006

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, the method used to design normal concrete mix cannot be used for designing a FC mix since it contains no coarse aggregate [ 37 ]. The foamed concrete mix design is commonly determined based on a trial and error approach [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. The design of the experiment based on empirical or computational modelling [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] and statistical methods approaches have been implemented to analyze multifactor experiments and the model used in the prediction of compressive strength of foamed concrete with minimal mean square errors and standard deviation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relation between Density and Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete

et al. 2021

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This study aims to obtain the relationship between density and compressive strength of foamed concrete. Foamed concrete is a preferred building material due to the low density of its concrete. In foamed concrete, the compressive strength reduces with decreasing density. Generally, a denser foamed concrete produces higher compressive strength and lower volume of voids. In the present study, the tests were carried out in stages in order to investigate the effect of sand–cement ratio, water to cement ratio, foam dosage, and dilution ratio on workability, density, and compressive strength of the control foamed concrete specimen. Next, the test obtained the optimum content of processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) as partial cement replacement in the foamed concrete. Based on the experimental results, the use of 1:1.5 cement to sand ratio for the mortar mix specified the best performance for density, workability, and 28-day compressive strength. Increasing the sand to cement ratio increased the density and compressive strength of the mortar specimen. In addition, in the production of control foamed concrete, increasing the foam dosage reduced the density and compressive strength of the control specimen. Similarly with the dilution ratio, the compressive strength of the control foamed concrete decreased with an increasing dilution ratio. The employment of PSBE significantly influenced the density and compressive strength of the foamed concrete. An increase in the percentage of PSBE reduced the density of the foamed concrete. The compressive strength of the foamed concrete that incorporated PSBE increased with increasing PSBE content up to 30% PSBE. In conclusion, the compressive strength of foamed concrete depends on its density. It was revealed that the use of 30% PSBE as a replacement for cement meets the desired density of 1600 kg/m3, with stability and consistency in workability, and it increases the compressive strength dramatically from 10 to 23 MPa as compared to the control specimen. Thus, it demonstrated that the positive effect of incorporation of PSBE in foamed concrete is linked to the pozzolanic effect whereby more calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) produces denser foamed concrete, which leads to higher strength, and it is less pore connected. In addition, the regression analysis shows strong correlation between density and compressive strength of the foamed concrete due to the R2 being closer to one. Thus, production of foamed concrete incorporating 30% PSBE might have potential for sustainable building materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, the mixture design strategy of the mortar or base mix (cement, sand, or any other filler and water) defines the strength of the FC. The target density, water and sand are calculated from the Equation (1) to Equation (2) [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Density and Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete

et al. 2021

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“…Similar agreements were reported by Sun et al (2018), which showed that the synthetic-based foam has better shear strength than the plant and animal surfactants. Correlation between the compressive strength and density of the foam concrete has been reported by (Lee et al (2018), Gökçe et al (2019), Ahmad et al (2019), Nambiar & Ramamurthy (2006), Hilal et al, (2016), Bagheri & Samea, (2019), Liu et al, (2014) and depicted in Figure 1(a). Meanwhile, Figure 1 (b) shows the effects of porosity to the compressive strength of foam concrete, as reported by Oren et al (2020), Sang et al (2015), She et al (2018), Liu et al, (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

XFEM Modelling and Experimental Observations of Foam Concrete Beam Externally-Bonded with KFRP Sheet

Maulana

Sugiman

Ahmad

et al. 2022

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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This paper investigates the effect of KFRP composite sheets as a strengthening material in improving the loadcarrying resistance of lightweight foam concrete beams using a FEA modelling framework. The study employed three parametric strengthening schemes (i.e., KFRP length, woven architecture types and KFRP thickness). Twenty-seven beam specimens were tested, and respective failure modes and ultimate load at failure were discussed. All the strengthened beam specimens failed mostly in shear mode and, to a lesser extent, in FRP fracture. Despite the absence of de-bonding failure, improvement of strengthening using KFRP sheet technique was exhibited. Later, Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) Modelling was incorporated following failure mode exhibited. Strength predictions incorporating the traction-separation relationship using XFEM techniques. Validation work with experimental datasets showed good agreements with average discrepancies of less than 10%. The numerical approach can be used as a strength prediction tool in concrete beams with externally bonded FRPs.

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“…According to Ref. [13] and [26], the consistency and stability of foamed concrete with a fresh mix can be calculated by measuring the fresh density against the density target and hardened density.…”

Section: Consistency Stability and Performance Index Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash on the Properties of Aerated Concrete under Density-Based Mix Design

Radna Kurnia Sari,

Rosidawani,

Arie Putra Usman

et al. 2023

ARASET

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Lightweight concrete has the main characteristic of a lower density value than normal concrete, which ranges from 1400 to 1850 kg/m3 (ACI 213R) [1]. While density values generally show a decreasing trend along with decreasing mechanical properties. This type of lightweight concrete still needs to be improved in its application to elements that function but do not withstand loads (non-structural) due to its low mechanical properties. The main objective of producing lightweight concrete is its density. In contrast, another objective is the mechanical properties related to the use of lightweight concrete as a non-structural or structural material. Thus, physical properties in the form of density and mechanical properties in the form of compressive strength are important parameters in producing lightweight concrete. The mix method used in lightweight concrete is different from conventional concrete. The foaming agent used in manufacturing lightweight concrete will result in compressive strength and density results that are different from conventional concrete. In this study, lightweight concrete was made using the aerated technique: a foaming agent in aluminum powder and comprises cement, sand, fly ash, bottom ash, water, and superplasticizer. Fly ash as a substitute for cement and bottom ash as a substitute for sand with percentages of 0%, 15%, and 30%, and of 0%, 25%, and 50%, respectively. Those materials were aimed to optimize the composition of aerated concrete. The mix design was conducted with a density-based mix design of density targets of 1000 kg/m3, 1200 kg/m3, 1600 kg/m3, and 1800 kg/m3. The parameters used to assess the research results were slump value, setting time, density, compressive strength, and water absorption. While the consistency and stability values were found to be an indicator of the achievement of this density-based mix design. The performance indexes which demonstrate the attainment of compressive strength and predicted density in the aerated concrete, show that the mix designs meet the requirements of non-structural lightweight concrete. The mix of ingredients, particularly fly ash and bottom ash, has a considerable influence on the relationship between compressive strength and density in aerated concrete.

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Strength Performance on Different Mix of Cement-Sand Ratio and Sand Condition for Lightweight Foamed Concrete

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Relation between Density and Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete

Relation between Density and Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete

XFEM Modelling and Experimental Observations of Foam Concrete Beam Externally-Bonded with KFRP Sheet

The Effects of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash on the Properties of Aerated Concrete under Density-Based Mix Design

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