Strength variability in brittle materials with stabilizing and destabilizing resistance fields

Tandon, Rajan; Green, D.J.; Cook, Robert F.

doi:10.1016/0956-7151(93)90070-9

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Another unappreciated feature of introducing surface compression is that an increase in the strength variability may result. 5 For example, in a study on the ion-exchange strengthening of silicate glass, the standard deviation of strength was increased by more than a factor of 10 for a sixfold strength increase. 6 Increased variability leads to difficulties in the design process and is an obstacle to the engineering use of these materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaw‐Insensitive Ion‐Exchanged Glass: I, Theoretical Aspects

Larentis

Green

2001

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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Stable crack growth can be produced on residually stressed surfaces, provided that the residual-stress profile is carefully chosen. Once identified, these conditions will lead to strengthening and an insensitivity of strength to the size of the initial surface flaw. Theoretical calculations are performed that involve choosing idealized forms of either the required toughness curve or the residual-stress profile. The results of this analysis allow the range of stable growth and the strengthening to be determined. Thus, in the material-design process, if the range of surface flaws in the stress-free surface are known, then the required stress profile or toughness curve for optimum performance can be selected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaw‐Insensitive Ion‐Exchanged Glass: I, Theoretical Aspects

Larentis

Green

2001

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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“…In several papers, it was shown that the existence of a rising R curve reduces the scatter of the strength compared with a flat R curve 79,81,83,84,116,140–142 . The scatter in most ceramics is caused by the scatter in the size of the flaws from which the fracture starts.…”

Section: Scatter Of Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several papers, it was shown that the existence of a rising R curve reduces the scatter of the strength compared with a flat R curve. 79,81,83,84,116,[140][141][142] The scatter in most ceramics is caused by the scatter in the size of the flaws from which the fracture starts. It is assumed that the scatter for a material with a flat R curve is described by a two-parameter Weibull distribution, where the failure probability is given by…”

Section: Scatter Of Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Can We Learn from R‐Curve Measurements?

Münz

2007

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

102

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In the last 30 years, crack growth resistance curves (R curves) have been measured and analyzed for many ceramic materials. This body of literature is reviewed critically to address the utility of these measurements. Three effects have been held responsible for the existence of a rising R curve: crack face interaction in the wake of the crack tip, microcracking and crack branching ahead of the tip, and phase transformation ahead of the crack tip. For the crack face interaction, the relation between bridging traction and crack opening displacement characterizes the material behavior. Most experimental investigations have concentrated on specimens with macrocracks and on indentation‐induced cracks. Very few results for R curves starting from natural flaws have been published. From these results, it is concluded that the behavior of specimens with natural flaws cannot be predicted directly from the results of tests with macrocracks and no established framework exists to correlate the two. The analysis of indentation cracks contains many uncertainties and cannot close the gap between macrocracks and natural flaws. The effect of a rising R curve on the strength and on the scatter of the strength is also discussed in the paper.

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“…[1][2][3] Flaws similar in size to this compressive region usually limit the desired improvement in strength and increase the strength dispersion. 4,5 This effect can be modified by changing the shape of the residual stress profile. A review paper by Schaeffer 6 suggests that placing the maximum compressive stress beneath the surface produces a "stress barrier" which arrests crack growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%