Strengthening IAEA safeguards through environmental sampling and analysis

Donohue, D. L.

doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(98)00015-2

Cited by 187 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…Since the early 1990s, safeguards organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Euratom have been collecting environmental samples at nuclear facilities across the world [1]. The strength of environmental sampling lies in the observation that processes involving the treatment of nuclear material release small amounts of process material to the environment.…”

Section: Project Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Chemical Changes in Uranium Oxyfluoride Particles Progress Report November 2009 - July 2010

Kips

Kristo

Crowhurst

et al. 2010

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Section: Project Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Chemical Changes in Uranium Oxyfluoride Particles Progress Report November 2009 - July 2010

Kips

Kristo

Crowhurst

et al. 2010

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“…7 Because of the prevalence and potential health effects of these radionuclides, effort is devoted worldwide to actinide studies including basic actinide chemistry, environmental concentrations, speciation and partitioning, transport, evaluations of exposure pathways, 1,8,9 toxicokinetic studies, 10 bioassays of exposed populations, [11][12][13][14][15] risk assessments, 16 and nuclear non-proliferation and national security. 17 Effects such as "hot" particles, 18 resuspension, 16 bioconcentration, 19 and colloidal transport 7 can complicate the transport, exposure pathways, and subsequent bioavailability. Daughters of pre-anthropogenic plutonium have also been studied for geochronology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plutonium measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry at LLNL

McAninch

Hamilton

Brown

et al. 2000

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Mass spectrometric methods provide sensitive, routine, and cost-effective analyses of longlived radionuclides. Here we report on the status of work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to develop a capability for actinide measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to take advantage of the high potential of AMS for rejection of interferences. This work demonstrates that the LLNL AMS spectrometer is well-suited for providing high sensitivity, robust, high throughput measurements of plutonium concentrations and isotope ratios. Present backgrounds are ~2×10 7 atoms per sample for environmental samples prepared using standard alpha spectrometry protocols. Recent measurements of 239+240 Pu and 241 Pu activities and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu isotope ratios in IAEA reference materials agree well with IAEA reference values and with alpha spectrometry and recently published ICP-MS results. Ongoing upgrades of the AMS spectrometer are expected to reduce backgrounds below 1×10 6 atoms per sample while allowing simplifications of the sample preparation chemistry. These simplifications will lead to lower per-sample costs, higher throughput, faster turn around and, ultimately, to larger and more robust data sets.

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“…[1][2] In the bulk analysis of environmental samples, the total amount and averaged isotope ratios of uranium provide rough clues to abnormal nuclear activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Simultaneous Analysis of Uranium Isotopes in NUSIMEP-7 Microparticles Using SEM-TIMS

Park¹,

Jeong²

2016

Mass Spectrometry Letters

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: Scanning electron microscopy combined with thermal ionization mass spectrometry (SEM-TIMS) was used to determine the precise isotope ratios of ultra-trace levels of uranium contained in individual microparticles. An advanced multiple ion counter system consisting of three secondary ion multipliers and two compact discrete dynodes was used for complete simultaneous ion detection. For verification purposes, using TIMS with complete simultaneous measurement, isotopes were analyzed in 5 pg of uranium of a certified reference material. A microprobe in the SEM was used to transfer individual particles from a NUSIMEP-7 sample to TIMS filaments, which were then subjected to SEM-TIMS and complete simultaneous measurement. The excellent agreement in the resulting uranium isotope ratios with the certified NUSIMEP-7 values shows the validity of SEM-TIMS with complete simultaneous measurement for the analysis of uranium isotopes in individual particles. Further experimental study required for investigation of simultaneous measurement using the advanced multiple ion counter system is presented.

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Strengthening IAEA safeguards through environmental sampling and analysis

Cited by 187 publications

References 1 publication

Study of Chemical Changes in Uranium Oxyfluoride Particles Progress Report November 2009 - July 2010

Study of Chemical Changes in Uranium Oxyfluoride Particles Progress Report November 2009 - July 2010

Plutonium measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry at LLNL

Complete Simultaneous Analysis of Uranium Isotopes in NUSIMEP-7 Microparticles Using SEM-TIMS

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