Strengthening mycology research through coordinated access to microbial culture collection strains

Abstract

Well-managed genetic resources and associated metadata are essential to underpin research addressing the challenges to food security, healthcare, climate change, biodiversity, environment, education and our bio-based economy. Culture collections have supported microbiology research for over 100 years, whether they are collections belonging to individual scientists or institutional repositories. The 790 collections registered with the World Data Centre for Microorganisms (WDCM) together hold over three million strains representing a wide range of microbial diversity. This review provides an overview of the uses and outputs of collections that support work in mycology, agriculture and the environment. Further, it focusses on the advantages of coordinating efforts and establishes recommendations to improve resource provisions for research and the development of the necessary infrastructure. The CABI living resource collection provides an example that holds over 28,000 strains of fungi from 100 years of research in mycology. In the modern era, microbial interventions and solutions require knowledge not only of those microorganisms that can be grown and preserved axenically but also whole microbial communities: i.e. 'microbiomes'. Current technologies enable us to access this latter, hidden resource, thereby facilitating a better understanding of how to harness and manipulate microbial communities to improve crop yields and allow successful interventions such as biocontrol of pests, diseases and invasive species. The WDCM Analyzer of Bio-resource Citations reports that 79,224 strains from 131 collections from 50 countries have been cited in 145,133 papers published in 50,307 journals from January, 1953 until April, 2020. These organisms have a multitude of uses, for example as sources of antibiotics, therapeutic drugs and other active agents. They have been applied widely including in the biodegradation, bioremediation, biotransformation and biotreatment of wastes. Further uses include interventions in agriculture for soil and plant health or biological control of pests and diseases. All of the above may be achieved by individual institutions but, by working together, collections can form a critical mass to focus on key global issues and can achieve much more. Mechanisms are suggested for coordinating collections in order to deliver a more comprehensive support system in the advancement of science and innovation.

Respon Biologi Larva Spodoptera Frugiperda J.E. Smith (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) pada Uji Paksa Pengkonsumsian Berbagai Pakan Daun

“…Smith merupakan spesies alien yang datang dari dataran Amerika. Sebelum sampai di Indonesia, hama tersebut terlebih dahulu menempati Afrika (Goergen, Kumar, Sankung, Togola, & Tamò, 2016) dan beberapa negara di Asia (Smith et al, 2020) seperti Thailand, China, India, dan Sri Lanka. Dilaporkan di Indonesia pertama menyerang pada tanaman jagung di Lampung (Trisyono, Suputa, Aryuwandari, Hartaman, & Jumari, 2019) dan di Jawa Barat (Maharani et al, 2019).…”

“…S. frugiperda di negara asalnya Amerika hama tersebut tidak hanya menyerang tanaman jagung, tetapi juga tanaman padi, tanaman sereal dan tanaman pangan lainnya. Tanaman yang dapat menjadi inang bagi S. Frugiperda yaitu terdapat 83 spesies dari 23 famili tanaman (Smith et al, 2020) diantaranya: Poaceae (35.5%), Fabaceae (11.3%), Solanaceae dan Asteraceae (4.3%), Rosaceae dan Chenopodiaceae (3.7%) dan Brassicaceae dan Cyperaceae (3.2%) (CASMUZ et al, 2017). Dikenal terdapat dua jenis strain S. frugiperda, yakni kelompok yang mengkonsumsi tanaman tanaman jagung, sorgum, kapas, dan kelompok yang mengkonsumsi padi, rerumputan.…”

CABI UK and Nagoya Protocol triggered benefit sharing

“…The key role of a collection is not just the provision of reference and production strains but the information associated to them to facilitate legal use. This includes intellectual property rights as well as MAT between collector/user and the providing country (Smith et al 2020). The benefits provided by the collection include retention of strains to underpin published science, maintenance and provision of strains for future use and the ex situ conservation of microbial diversity.…”

Preservation of Indigenous Fungal Cultures by Freeze Drying Technique using Skim Milk and Honey as the Protectants

“…Fungal spores preservation are important means of recovering the fungal mycellium when they are needed in academic or industrial laboratories as well as in organised microbial (mycology) culture collection centres [1]. For instance, many fungal genera in the mycology kingdom, bears tremendous economic significance in human affairs.…”