Strengthening of Dune Sand with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer

Fatehi, Hadi; Bahmani, M. J.; Noorzad, Ali

doi:10.1061/9780784482117.015

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Protein based biopolymers (casein and sodium caseinate) continuously enhanced the sand compressive strength significantly up to 5% biopolymer content. Casein-treated sand indicated a higher growth rate in compressive strength in comparison to agar and gellan-treated sands [66,82,[149][150][151]186].…”

Section: Biopolymer Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Other types of biopolymer have also presented a similar behavior when the biopolymertreated soil is subjected to curing at different thermal conditions, in the way that raising the temperature to an optimal value would be quite beneficial for improving the strengthening process. Then, temperatures higher than the optimal value led to a loose structure, and sometimes higher temperatures led to decomposition of the biopolymers because of weakening the bonds and connections amongst biopolymers and soil grains became weaker [66,82,115]. For example, temperatures more than 60 • C for casein-treated sand caused the compressive strength to fall to a low of 48% which was similar to the conse-quence of decomposing casein in amino acid [82].…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 91%

“…A pH reduction results in a decrease in viscosity [64]. Moreover, highly charged molecules, hydrophobic and polar moieties, as well as the side chain carboxylates provide sodium alginate with a distinctive potential additive in soils [66]. Carrageenan is known as a linear polysaccharide produced from red edible seaweeds.…”

Section: Plant-based Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The better performance of sodium alginate in clay enhancement is due to the existence of sufficient free cations tending to react with an anionic biopolymer and forming a gelling structure, and filling the pores; while the available cations may not be enough to turn biopolymer into the gel form [181]. Sodium alginate also has significant efficiency in enhancing the unsoaked CBR of dune sand [66]. A very low amount of xanthan (0.4%) reduced 36% of the required thickness for the unstabilized sand Resilient modulus (RM) also increased when lignin, up to 12% (optimal content), was added in silt which was in line with the UCS results [58,[182][183][184].…”

Section: Pavement Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopolymers as Green Binders for Soil Improvement in Geotechnical Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Soil improvement using biopolymers has attracted considerable attention in recent years, with the aim to reduce the harmful environmental effects of traditional materials, such as cement. This paper aims to provide a review on the environmental assessment of using biopolymers as binders in soil improvement, biopolymer-treated soil characteristics, as well as the most important factors affecting the behavior of the treated soil. In more detail, environmental benefits and concerns about the use of biopolymers in soil improvement as well as biopolymer–soil interaction are discussed. Various geotechnical properties are evaluated and compared, including the unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, erosion resistance, physical properties, and durability of biopolymer-treated soils. The influential factors and soil and environmental conditions affecting various geotechnical characteristics of biopolymer-treated soils are also discussed. These factors include biopolymer concentration in the biopolymer–soil mixture, moisture condition, temperature, and dehydration time. Potential opportunities for biopolymers in geotechnical engineering and the challenges are also presented.

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Section: Biopolymer Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Plant-based Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pavement Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopolymers as Green Binders for Soil Improvement in Geotechnical Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…SA has been successfully employed within a variety of industries, including, most importantly, its widespread application as a thickener, a gelling agent and an emulsifier in the food industry [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In the geotechnical context, reported applications for SA have been limited to natural soils and include increasing soil compaction efficiency, enhancing soil shear strength/stiffness and soil seepage/erosion control [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Though promising, the results reported by these studies, particularly in the context of clay soil stabilization, are still limited (and somewhat inconsistent) to warrant SA as an ad hoc soil stabilization solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer

et al. 2021

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This study examines the potential use of sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer as an environmentally sustainable agent for the stabilization of rubberized soil blends prepared using a high plasticity clay soil and tire-derived ground rubber (GR). The experimental program consisted of uniaxial compression and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests; the former was performed on three soil–GR blends (with GR-to-soil mass ratios of 0%, 5% and 10%) compacted (and cured for 1, 4, 7 and 14 d) employing distilled water and three SA solutions—prepared at SA-to-water (mass-to-volume) dosage ratios of 5, 10 and 15 g/L—as the compaction liquid. For any given GR content, the greater the SA dosage and/or the longer the curing duration, the higher the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), with only minor added benefits beyond seven days of curing. This behaviour was attributed to the formation and propagation of so-called “cationic bridges” (developed as a result of a “Ca2+/Mg2+ ⟷ Na+ cation exchange/substitution” process among the clay and SA components) between adjacent clay surfaces over time, inducing flocculation of the clay particles. This clay amending mechanism was further verified by means of representative SEM images. Finally, the addition of (and content increase in) GR—which translates to partially replacing the soil clay content with GR particles and hence reducing the number of available attraction sites for the SA molecules to form additional cationic bridges—was found to moderately offset the efficiency of SA treatment.

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