“…The first was the ICT project for TCs 2005-2008 initiated by the then Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) under logistical support of the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) (Bernt, Ngemera, Edephonce, Uimonen, & Pain, 2014). Second was the Teacher Development and Management Strategy (TDMS) 2008-2013(MoEVT, 2015, and the third was Teacher Education Support Project (TESP) 2017-2022 by Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MoEST) under logistical support from Global Affairs Canada (Swai, Nkaizirwa, Hugo, Mahenge, & Komba, 2022). Despite the competence development efforts, studies noted actual tutors' ICT use in teaching being dominated by knowledge about ICT rather than teaching and learning with ICT (Kihoza, Zlatnikova, Bada, & Kalegele, 2016;Lubuva et al, 2022).…”